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The remote hybridization and polyploid breeding in genus Rhododendron, so called azaleas and rhododendrons

杜鹃属杜鹃花、杜鹃花的远距离杂交与多倍体育种

基本信息

批准号：
03660030
负责人：
ARISUMI Ken-ichi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Genus Rhododendron consists of five subgenera. Various intersubgeneric hybridizations were conducted among four subgenera ; Hymenanthes, Rhododendron, Pentanthera and Tsutsutsi along with interspecific or remote hybridizations between species and/or cultivars belonging to section Rhododendron of subgenus Rhododendron.Of these various hybridizations following cross combinations were succeeded and many capsules were obtained, that is, Hymenanthes Rhododendron(or reverse), Hymenanthes Pentanthera, Tsutsutsi Pentanthera and Rhododendron Pentanthera. However, seeds of Rhododendron Hymenanthes and those of Rhododendron Pentanthera failed to germinate and cross combinations, Pentanthera Hymenanthes, Pentanthera Rhododendron and Tsutsutsi Rhododendron even failed to produce capsules. As being expected, hybridizations between species and/or cultivars belonging to Rhododendron were more successful than those between subgenera, although the degree of success was inferior as compared with interspe … More cific hybridizations within Hymenanthes, Pentanthera or Tsutsutsi because of genetic divergence attained in the process of evolution in Rhododendron. The offsprings obtained from Hymenanthes Rhododendron or Hymenanthes Pentanthera were expected to produce excellent yellow cultivars, whereas almost all of those from Tsutsutsi Pentanthera failed to form chlorophyll and thus more extensive hybridizations would be needed. The offsprings obtained from crosses within Rhododendron were also expected to produce forms with excellent yellow or blue flowers. In the latter case introduction of cytoplasm of pink forms was revealed to afford more vigorous growth.An attempt to produce polyploid was done using ordinary colchicine treatment, but it failed because summer of Kagoshima was too hot for survival of treated plants. Therefore, tissue culture was examined in which multiple shoot regeneration could induce. With the addition of cytokinins into media multiple soot production was revealed to be feasible. In the preliminary experiment, plantlets which seemed to be polyploid were obtained through 0.05% colcemid treatment for 3 to 5days. Less

杜鹃花属由5个亚属组成。杜鹃亚属、杜鹃亚属、五花杜鹃亚属和五花杜鹃亚属之间，以及杜鹃亚属杜鹃亚组的种和品种之间进行了各种亚属间的杂交或远缘杂交，其中杂交组合成功，获得了许多种果，即膜花杜鹃、五花杜鹃、五花杜鹃和五花杜鹃。然而，杜鹃和杜鹃的种子不能萌发和杂交组合，杜鹃、杜鹃和杜鹃甚至不能产生荚果。不出所料，杜鹃属种间和/或品种间的杂交比亚属间的杂交更成功，但与Interspe…相比，成功程度较低由于杜鹃在进化过程中的遗传分化，膜花属、五花属或铁杉属内的杂交更具体。杜鹃或五花膜草的后代有望产生优良的黄色品种，而五花水莲的后代几乎都不能形成叶绿素，因此需要更广泛的杂交。杜鹃杂交获得的后代也有望产生极好的黄色或蓝色花朵。在后一种情况下，引入粉红色的细胞质可以提供更旺盛的生长。使用普通秋水仙素处理进行了产生多倍体的尝试，但失败了，因为鹿儿岛的夏天太热了，不适合处理的植物存活。因此，进行了诱导不定芽再生的组织培养试验。在添加细胞分裂素的情况下，多次产生碳烟是可行的。在初步试验中，0.05%秋水仙素处理3~5天，获得了看似多倍体的植株。较少