Studies about developmental process of azalea cultivar groups and their biparental inheritance of chloroplast.

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Within about 50 Rhododendron species native to Japan, subgenus Tsutsusi section Tsutsusi is the most important genetic resource for ornamental evergreen azaleas. However, their origin and parental species are still unknown. In addition, the genus has posed systematic problems in terms of infrageneric circumscription and ranks. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence such as ITS and matKregions haven't been clarified the relationships within the subgenus Tsutsusi due to the close relationship between species (Kurashige et al. 2001*).In this study, to clarify the origin of Japanese ornamental evergreen azaleas, we investigated phylogenetic relationships among almost all subgenus Tsutsusi species (20 taxa) native to Japan by AFLP markers.DNA isolated from 97 plants of 20 species and varieties of subgenus Tsutsusi were subjected to AFLP analysis. R. tashiroi (subgenus Sciadorhodion) was used as outgroup species.For all plants, 2 primer sets (EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CTA, EcoRI-AAG/MseI-CAT) were used. For 22 plants of subsect. Tsutsusi and Macrosepala, 4 primer sets (EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CAT, EcoRI-AAG/MaeI-CTA) were used.Phylogenetic trees were calculated by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method of the PAUP program. The bootstrap method on 1,000 replicated was assessed.AFLP analysis can provide useful information of the phylogenetic relationship of subgenus Tsutsusi. AFLP markers specific to each taxon or population will be applicable to clarify the origin of Japanese evergreen azalea cultivars in future.