Studies about developmental process of azalea cultivar groups and their biparental inheritance of chloroplast.

在原产于日本的约50种杜鹃中，日本杜鹃亚属Tsutsusi组是观赏常绿杜鹃最重要的遗传资源。然而，它们的起源和亲本物种仍不清楚。此外，该属在属下界限和等级方面也存在系统性问题。基于DNA序列的分子系统发育分析，如ITS和matK区，由于种间的密切关系，目前还没有阐明Tsutsusi亚属内的关系(Kurashige et al.为了阐明日本观赏常绿杜鹃花的起源，本研究利用AFLP分子标记技术，对日本产的铁杉亚属20个种和变种的97种植物的DNA进行了AFLP分析，探讨了该亚属植物的系统发育关系。以石杉亚属(R.tashiroi)为外类群，所有植物均采用2对引物(EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CTA、EcoRI-AAG/MseI-CAT)。为亚组的22种植物。用4对引物(EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CAT，EcoRI-AAG/MAEI-CTA)，用PAUP程序的Neighbor-Join(NJ)法计算系统发育树。用Bootstrap方法对1,000个重复序列进行分析，结果表明，AFLP分析可以为进一步研究松材亚属的系统发育关系提供有用的信息。针对每个分类群或居群的AFLP标记可用于阐明日本常绿杜鹃品种的起源。

Within about 50 Rhododendron species native to Japan, subgenus Tsutsusi section Tsutsusi is the most important genetic resource for ornamental evergreen azaleas. However, their origin and parental species are still unknown. In addition, the genus has posed systematic problems in terms of infrageneric circumscription and ranks. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence such as ITS and matKregions haven't been clarified the relationships within the subgenus Tsutsusi due to the close relationship between species (Kurashige et al. 2001*).In this study, to clarify the origin of Japanese ornamental evergreen azaleas, we investigated phylogenetic relationships among almost all subgenus Tsutsusi species (20 taxa) native to Japan by AFLP markers.DNA isolated from 97 plants of 20 species and varieties of subgenus Tsutsusi were subjected to AFLP analysis. R. tashiroi (subgenus Sciadorhodion) was used as outgroup species.For all plants, 2 primer sets (EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CTA, EcoRI-AAG/MseI-CAT) were used. For 22 plants of subsect. Tsutsusi and Macrosepala, 4 primer sets (EcoRI-ACT/MseI-CAT, EcoRI-AAG/MaeI-CTA) were used.Phylogenetic trees were calculated by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method of the PAUP program. The bootstrap method on 1,000 replicated was assessed.AFLP analysis can provide useful information of the phylogenetic relationship of subgenus Tsutsusi. AFLP markers specific to each taxon or population will be applicable to clarify the origin of Japanese evergreen azalea cultivars in future.