Study on Mechanism put load of lime fertilizer to environment under acid rain and its prevention

石灰肥通常用于农田酸性土壤的石灰化。最近，地球上有酸雨或酸雾。为阐明酸雨条件下石灰土向环境输送钙的机理，进行了基础研究。结果表明：在山地森林土壤、柿子果园土壤和旱地耕地土壤中，存在pH为3的硝酸溶液破坏粒径大于2毫米团聚体的情况。这些土壤主要以结晶粘土矿物为主，人类对其有不同程度的作用。石灰对这些土壤的影响主要来自于粒径大于2毫米的骨料的增加。这种效应延长了将这些土壤浸泡在酸性溶液中破坏骨料所需的时间。对于火山灰土，浸水对土壤团聚体的影响没有表现出明显的趋缓等趋势，火山灰土主要以非铬、多结晶粘土矿物为主。在四种土壤样品中，加入酸溶液的土壤柱流出物中的钙离子比只加入纯水的土壤柱流出物中的钙离子多。森林土和果园土石灰柱出水钙离子含量是原生土柱出水钙离子含量的两倍以上。果园土壤早期酸性溶液流出物中存在石灰肥加钙量一半以上的离子。采用模拟酸雨处理粘土胶体样品，研究酸雨对自然环境下土壤粘土性质和性质的影响。与结晶层硅酸盐粘土矿物相比，火山灰土中常见的无定形或无序粘土矿物在模拟酸雨作用下容易溶解并改变结构。结果表明，在酸雨作用下，铁长石的结构弱于allophanes。对于allophanes， SiO_2/Al_2O_3比低的样品的抗酸雨能力比高的样品弱。结果表明，酸雨对粘土胶体的影响在火山灰土环境下大于非火山灰土环境下。在5种不同浓度的钙离子溶液中，随着钙离子浓度的增加，水蛭生长受到钙离子的强烈抑制。少

Lime fertilizer is commonly used for liming acid soil in farm land. Recently,acid rain have fall on earth or acid fog have lay over it. We studied basic research in order to clarify mechanism put load of calcium to environment from the liming soil under acid rain.The results obtained are summarized as follows:Some case occurred that aggregate with diameter more than two millimeters was destroyed by nitric acid solution with pH 3 for forest soil in the mountain,soil in orchard of persimmon,and soil in cultivated upland field. These soils mainly had crystalline clay minerals and have different degree of act on it by man. Effect of liming on these soils came out from increase of aggregate with diameter more than two millimeter. The effect prolonged the time requiring destruction of aggregate by immersion of these soils in the acid solution. Effect of the immersion on the soil aggregate did not show a clear tendency in order to slake and so on for volcanic ash soil,which mainly have non-cr … More ystalline clay mineral.Calcium ion in effluent from the soil column if adding the acid solution was more than that of the case of adding pure water only for all four sample soils. The calcium ion in effluent from the liming soil column was above double as much as that of the case from the native soil column for the forest soil and the orchard soil. The ion above one-half as much as added calcium from lime fertilizer existed in the effluent by the acid solution for the orchard soil in the early stage.Clay colloid samples were treated by simulated acid rain,in order to clarify the effect of acid rain on the nature and properties of soil clays in natural environment. Amorphous or poorly-ordered clay materials,which often occur in volcanic ash soils, were easily dissolved and changed in structure by the simulated acid rain,in comparison with crystalline layer silicate clay minerals. It was recognized that imogolite was weaker in structure than allophanes under the acid rain. As for allophanes,the samples with low SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio was less in resistance against the acid rain,compared with the samples with high ratio.The obtained results indicate that effect of acid rain on clay colloids is greater for environment of volcanic ash soil than for that of non-volcanic ash soil.Growth at tips of algae body with state of string was strongly inhibited by calcium ion as concentration of the ion increased for Vaucheria cultivated in the five solutions with different concentration of the ion. Less