Freshness retention in controlled-atmosphere-stored tropical fruits

许多热带水果的呼吸和蒸腾速率普遍高于其他水果，因此，热带水果经常发生外伤和腐烂的发病率。本研究旨在建立有效的贮藏方法，并对热带水果气调贮藏和气调贮藏的品质和耐贮性进行评价。鳄梨（Persea americana Mill.），香蕉（Musa paradisiaca L.），和芒果（Mangifera indica L.）结果表明，在室温下，适度低O_2（1%~ 3%）和高CO_2（1%~ 3%）的气调贮藏条件<10%>下，能降低果实的呼吸代谢，保持果实的硬度和色泽，从而延长果实的采后寿命。本研究的目的是设计、建立和测试一种功能性的膜贮藏系统，并对塑料薄膜气调包装（MAP）贮藏热带水果的效果进行评价。与控制室中的正常空气成分相比，膜储存系统内达到了所需的较低O_2水平。还介绍了膜面积选择的设计计算。结果表明，扩散膜贮藏技术适用于部分热带水果，控制乙烯、二氧化碳、水蒸气等气体的增加是目前热带水果膜贮藏技术需要解决的问题。

The respiration and transpiration rates of many tropical fruits are generally higher than those of other fruits, therefore, the tropical fruits often occur external injury and incidence of decay. This study was aimed at establishing some useful retention method and assessing the quality and storability of tropical fruits in air and CA storage.Papaya (Carica papaya L.), avocado (Persea americana Mill.), banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), and mango (Mangifera indica L.) were evaluated for external appearance, flesh firmness, and internal quality.Storage of several fresh fruits in controlled atmospheres with moderately low O_2 (1% to 3%) and high CO_2 (<10%> levels at room temperature was shown to reduce respiratory metabolism, maintain flesh firmness and color, and thus prolong the postharvest life of these fruits. Several fruits (papaya, avocado) had abnormal ripening, and increased internal browning when exposed to an atmosphere containing less 1% O_2.Also, the purpose of this study was to design, build and test a functional membrane storage system for storing tropical fruits.Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) used plastic membrane film for storing tropical fruits was evaluated. Required lower O_2 levels were achieved within the membrane storage system compared to normal air composition in a controlled chamber. Design calculations for selection of the membrane area are also presented. It can be concluded that the diffusion membrane storage aystem is applicable to some tropical fruits.The problems to be solved on the membrane storage technique for tropical fruits are to control the increase in ethylene, carbon dioxide, water vapor and so on.