Subtractive Manufacturing Unit (SMU)

数字技术从设计到生产的无缝使用是未来资源节约型建筑业的关键。这对添加剂制造等新技术尤其重要，因为在所谓的3D打印中，材料只在功能需要的地方应用，而不需要模板。布伦瑞格和慕尼黑两所工业大学的建筑添加剂制造(AMC)研究中心目前正在研究建筑行业未来自动化使用的材料和技术方面的添加剂制造的基本原理。除了自由成型外，时间的节省和材料投入的显著降低尤其提供了巨大的优势。特别是在混凝土3D打印中，减法(后处理)加工变得越来越重要。这既涉及特征波浪面的后处理，也涉及随后高精度生产静态-结构干接头的接触面，以及用于精加工元件和技术安装的凹槽的集成。与其打印带有开口的复杂组件，不如用减法将其剪裁出来，效果更好。“减法制造单元(SMU)”与添加剂制造领域的研究相结合，为生产复杂、精确的轮廓、开口和连接提供了新的可能性，即使是在由混凝土、粘土等整体和混合材料制成的厚壁部件中，也可以生产钢和纤维增强混凝土。此外，SMU还在现有结构的建筑领域开辟了新的途径。目前，结构设计院正在研究如何进一步利用现有的预制混凝土建筑。Precast 2.0项目的目标是通过精确的减法处理，准备拆解的预制件以供重复使用。在与德国达姆施塔特大学和其他工业合作伙伴的DDU合作下，大型部件通过数控减法加工在几何上和连接技术方面进行了重新定义，并可以作为柱、梁和板件重复使用。此外，这一创新制造战略的使用为定制海岸和防洪产品的生产开辟了新的可能性。2021年，与“莱希特韦-瓦瑟堡研究所”一起，成立了青年研究小组(JRG)“未来城市海岸线”，以研究基于新的数字控制制造技术的形状优化的新海岸防护结构。SMU将在JRG的研究中发挥核心作用。总而言之，减法制造单元将是布伦斯韦格理工学院数字建筑制造领域目前和未来跨学科研究的重要组成部分，是现有研究基础设施的理想补充。

The seamless use of digital technologies from design to production is the key to a future resource-efficient construction industry. This is especially important for new technologies such as additive manufacturing, because with so-called 3D printing, material is only applied where it is functionally required, without the need for formworks. TRR Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) of the two Technical Universities of Braunschweig and Munich is currently researching the fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing across materials and technologies for future automated use in the construction industry. In addition to free shaping, the time savings and significantly lower material input in particular offer enormous advantages. Particularly in 3D printing with concrete, subtractive (post) machining is becoming increasingly important. This concerns both the post-processing of the characteristic wavy surfaces, but also the subsequent high-precision production of contact surfaces for static-constructive dry joints, as well as the integration of recesses for finishing elements and technical installations. Instead of printing complex components with openings, it can be more effective to cut them out subtractively. The "Subtractive Manufacturing Unit (SMU)", in conjunction with research in the field of additive manufacturing, offers new possibilities for producing complex, precise contours, openings and connections even in thick-walled components made of monolithic and hybrid materials such as concrete, clay, but also steel and fiber-reinforced concrete. Furthermore, the SMU also opens up new approaches in the field of building in existing structures. Currently, the Institute for Structural Design is researching the further use of existing precast concrete buildings. The aim of the project "Precast 2.0" is to prepare deconstructed prefabricated parts for reuse through precise subtractive processing. In cooperation with the DDU of the TU Darmstadt and other industrial partners, large-scale components are redefined geometrically and in terms of joining technology by CNC-controlled subtractive machining and can be reused as column, beam and slab components. In addition, the use of this innovative manufacturing strategy opens up new possibilities for the production of customised coastal and flood protection. Together with the "Leichtweiß-Institut für Wasserbau (LWI)", a Junior Research Group (JRG) "Future Urban Coastlines" was installed in 2021 to research new form-optimized coastal protection structures based on new digitally controlled manufacturing technologies. SMU will play a central role in the JRG's research. In summary, the Subtractive Manufacturing Unit would be an important component for the ongoing and future interdisciplinary research in the field of digital building fabrication at the TU Braunschweig and an ideal addition to the existing research infrastructure.