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The study of Political history about was compensation for civilian casualties

平民伤亡赔偿的政治史研究

基本信息

批准号：
03620035
负责人：
AKAZAWA Shiro
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03620035/
关键词：
civilian war victims the support act of war victims the support bill against war damage war casualties association Nagoya air raid suit the protection act from war disaster principle of relief equal principle for the nations 軍人恩給民間人戦

项目摘要

This study is composed of three parts. In the first part, titled 'Concerning war compensation to civilian victims after W.W.II in Japan', it is argued that war compensation problem to civilians changes from early postwar to 1980's. In Japan, war compensation policy is not based on equal principle for the nations. War compensation is provided for only ex-servicemen, and is not provided for civilians . The reason mentioned above is that war compensation policy began in so called 'reverse course' of 1950's. In 1960's, the movement for war compensation to civilian victims began. This movement developed in 1970's, and the support bill against war damage wad proposed by the party out of office. But that bill didn't pass by the opposition of the party in power, and this movement was on the ebb in 1980's. In the second part, titled 'Nagoya air raid suit', it is argued on the suit case about war compensation. Three civilian women injured by Nagoya air raid, brought a lawsuit against Japanese government, for the reason that the present war compensation policy was not based on equal principle under the law written in the Constitution of Japan. This suit continued from 1976 to 1987. In this part, we argued the process and the issues of the suit. The third part is titled 'Concerning the protection act from war disaster'. It is argued that the act is, though Japanese government denied, actually inclined to the principle of compensation. For the reason above menthioned, enormous money paied for many civilian war victims till the end of 1945 fiscal year.

本研究由三部分组成。第一部分“关于日本二战后对平民受害者的战争赔偿”，论述了从战后初期到1980年代对平民的战争赔偿问题的变化。在日本，战争赔偿政策并不是基于各国平等的原则。战争补偿只提供给退伍军人，不提供给平民。上述原因是战争补偿政策始于20世纪50年代所谓的“逆向路线”。 1960年代，为平民受害者提供战争赔偿的运动开始。这一运动在 1970 年代发展起来，反对战争损害的支持法案是由该党在下台时提出的。但该法案并未因执政党的反对而获得通过，这场运动在20世纪80年代陷入了低潮。第二部分“名古屋空袭诉讼”，对战争赔偿诉讼案进行了争论。名古屋空袭中受伤的三名平民妇女向日本政府提起诉讼，理由是现行的战争赔偿政策不符合日本宪法规定的平等原则。该诉讼从1976年一直持续到1987年。在这一部分中，我们对诉讼的过程和问题进行了争论。第三部分的标题是“关于战争灾难的保护法”。有人认为，该法案虽然日本政府否认，但实际上倾向于赔偿原则。由于上述原因，直到 1945 财政年度结束为止，为许多战争平民受害者支付了巨额资金。