Study on the Chemical Evolution of Groundwater in the Hydrological Cycle of a Limestone Area

石灰岩地区水文循环中地下水化学演化研究

• 批准号: 03640497
• 负责人: YOSHIMURA Kazuhisa
• 金额: $ 0.26万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03640497/
• 关键词: Groundwater in limestone area; Groundwater chemistry; Soil CO_2; Seasonal variation; Storm runoff; Chemical equilibria of carbonate; Geological cycle of elements; Tritium; Wet deposition; 土壌中二酸化炭素; 微量銅; フォ-ルアウト; 地壌中二酸化炭素

On the basis of the topographic divide and the existence of two groundwater systems, the catchment basins in the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau limestone area(Yamaguchi Prefecture, Western Japan)are divided into six areas:Hirotani(where Akiyoshi-do Cave is located),Kanoide,Kuroiwa,Ono,Narutaki and Sowa. In this limestone area,groundwater flows out from 4 springs and 5 caves at the foot of the plateau. The origin of the dissolved components in the groundwater was estimated by using the self-consistent least squares method proposed by Tsurumi(1982). The contents of the dissolved components for all spring waters could be explained by the mixing of only three sources: one rich in limestone components,another in non-carbonate rock components,and the other in calcium sulfate probably originating from fallout and sulfur-oxidation in the soil in the plateau.With an area of 18.5km^2, the catchment basin of Akiyoshi-do Cave occupies about half of the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau, where the annual mean precipitati … More on is 1,974mm,and the average run-off from Akiyoshi-do Cave is estimated to be 955 mm. The calcium concentration of the baseflow showed seasonal fluctuations,and followed changes in the soil's CO_2 partial pressure. Measured soil CO_2 in the humus soil varied from 0.15% at a soil temperature of 7.2ﾟC to1.7% at 19.0 ﾟC, whereas in the meadows which cover most of the area,it ranged from 0.08% at 3.8ﾟC to 1.2% at 20.8ﾟC. The calcium concentration in groundwater issuing from the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau is controlled by the water-limestone dissolution equilibrium,under open system conditions depending on the meadow's soil CO_2 contents. A yearly average of 2,100tons of limestone was dissolved in groundwater issuing from Akiyoshi-do Cave,about 5% of which,of 110tons, was dissolved by acidic deposition.Ion-exchanger phase absorptiometry was applied to the flow analysis of trace amounts of copper. This method permitted a highly sensitive,selective determination of copper in karst groundwater samples without any preconcentration. By measuring the copper concentration response in the water after a storm,the infiltration rate of rain water from the soil zone to the underground river of this karst groundwater system could be evaluated to be about 10-20m day^<-1>. On the other hand,the tritium concentration response suggested that the faily long residence groundwater(about 40years)entered the groundwater system after a big storm. Less

根据地形分异和两个地下水系统的存在，明代高原石灰岩地区(日本西部山口县)的集水盆地被划分为6个地区：广谷(明代洞穴所在地区)、卡诺德、黑河、小野、德鲁塔基和索瓦。在这个石灰岩地区，地下水从高原脚下的4个泉水和5个洞穴中流出。用Tsurumi(1982)提出的自洽最小二乘法估计了地下水中溶解成分的来源。所有泉水中溶解成分的含量只能用三种来源的混合来解释：一种是富含石灰岩成分的，另一种是非碳酸盐岩石成分的，另一种是来自高原土壤中的尘埃和硫氧化作用的硫酸钙。秋吉洞穴的集水盆地面积为18.5平方公里，约占秋吉代高原的一半，那里的年平均降水量…更多的是1,974毫米，从明吉岛洞穴流出的平均径流估计为955毫米。底流中钙离子浓度呈现季节性波动，并随土壤二氧化碳分压的变化而变化。在土壤温度为7.2ﾟC时，腐殖质土壤中测得的土壤CO_2含量在7.2ﾟC时为0.15%，在19.0ﾟC时为1.7%，而在覆盖大部分地区的草甸中，土壤CO_2含量在3.8ﾟC时为0.08%，在20.8ﾟC时为1.2%。在开放系统条件下，秋吉代高原地下水中的钙浓度受水-石灰岩溶解平衡控制，取决于草甸土壤CO_2含量。Akiyoshi-Do洞穴地下水年均溶出2100吨石灰石，其中约5%为酸性沉积溶出，采用离子交换相吸附法流动分析痕量铜。该方法无需任何预浓缩，即可高灵敏度、选择性地测定岩溶地下水样品中的铜。通过测量暴雨后水中铜的浓度响应，估算出该岩溶地下水系统土壤带雨水对地下河流的入渗率约为10~20m/d。另一方面，氚浓度响应表明，在一场大风暴之后，滞留时间很长的地下水(约40年)进入了地下水系统。较少

项目成果

吉村 和久・井倉 洋二: "CO_2循環における炭酸塩溶解の役割" 地球化学. 27. (1993)

Kazuhisa Yoshimura 和 Yoji Ikura：“碳酸盐溶解在 CO_2 循环中的作用”地球化学 27。（1993）

K.Yoshimura and K.Nakamura: "Acid rain in the Akiyoshi-dai(Plateau)limestone area,Western Japan" Bull.Akiyoshi-dai Mus.Natural Hist.26. 10-20 (1991)

K.Yoshimura 和 K.Nakamura：“日本西部 Akiyoshi-dai（高原）石灰岩地区的酸雨”Bull.Akiyoshi-dai Mus.Natural Hist.26。

吉村 和久: "CO_2循環における炭酸塩溶解の役割" 地球化学. 37. (1993)

Kazuhisa Yoshimura：“碳酸盐溶解在CO_2循环中的作用”地球化学37。（1993）

K.Yoshimura and Y.Inokura: "Ecolution of groundwater chemistry in the hydrological cycle of the Akiyoshi-Dai Plateau limestone area" J.Groundwater Hydrology. 34(3). 183-194 (1992)

K.Yoshimura 和 Y.Inokura：“Akiyoshi-Dai 高原石灰岩地区水文循环中地下水化学的生态”J.Groundwater Hydrology。

K.Yoshimura,S.Matsuoka,Y.Inokura and U.Hase: "Flow analysis of trace amounts of copper by ion-exchanger phase absorptiometry with 4,7-dipheny1-2,9-dimethy1-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonate and its application to the study of karst groundwater storm runoff"

K.Yoshimura、S.Matsuoka、Y.Inokura 和 U.Hase：“使用 4,7-二苯基 1-2,9-二甲基 1-1,10-菲咯啉二磺酸盐及其离子交换相吸收法对痕量铜进行流动分析