New sexual approaches to transfer of genes in wide crosses.

在广泛杂交中转移基因的新有性方法。

基本信息

批准号：
04044051
负责人：
TAKEDA Genkichi
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1) The main objective of the Indian group was to develop methods for genetic improvement of Brassica juncea. (1) Through embryo rescue culture, over 20 intergeneric hybrids between wild species and different cultivars have been produced. Attempts were also made to achieve in vitro fertilization to overcome pre-fertilization barriers, but without success. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines of B.juncea with the cytoplasmic background of Diplotaxis siifolia has been reached an advanced stage (Shivanna). (2) In B.juncea, the Production of androgenic embryo were extremely poor and another problem of the pollen embryos was the inability to germinate normally. As the results on attempts to improve conditions of the donar plant and methods of tissue culture, the pollen embryo have become to germinate with high efficiency. Moreover, preliminary attempts were made to transform the pollen embryos. The construct pBI 121 loaded on gold particles were bombarded into the pollen embryos, in the University of Tokyo (Bhojwani).2) The Japanese group have studied to develop the new techniques different from the Indian group. (1) When the method of polyornithine was applied to in vitro pollination in Tabacco, transient GUS expression in pollen tubes was confirmed (Yoshida and Takeda). (2) The medium containing cytokinin and high temperature conditions were effective for overcoming hybrid lethality in Nicotiana. In Oryza, high temperature conditions were also effective (marubashi). (3) The results on differential screening using RT-PCR indicated a high potential to isolate genes that preferentially express during somatic and zygotic embyogenesis (Yoshida). (4) It was suggested as a new technique for agronomic strategies that Bialaphos resistant rice plants expressing a chimeric gene which were inoculated withmycelia of the sheath blight disease pathogen and subsequently treated with the herbicide were completely protected from symptomatic infection (Uchimiya).

1）印度群体的主要目的是开发用于遗传改善甘蓝的方法。（1）通过胚胎救援培养物，已经产生了20多种野生物种与不同品种之间的属间杂种。还试图实现体外受精以克服前有限障碍，但没有成功。胸骨的细胞质雄性无菌品系具有西福利外毒剂的细胞质背景，已经达到了晚期（Shivanna）。（2）在B. juncea中，雄激素胚的产生极为差，花粉胚胎的另一个问题是无法正常发芽。随着试图改善Donar植物条件和组织培养方法的结果，花粉胚胎已随着高效率而发芽。此外，进行了初步尝试改变花粉胚胎。在东京大学（Bhojwani）（Bhojwani）中，装载在黄金颗粒上的PBI 121被轰炸到花粉胚胎中。2）日本小组已经研究了开发与印度群体不同的新技术。（1）当将聚氨酸的方法应用于Tabacco的体外授粉时，确认花粉管中的瞬时GUS表达（Yoshida和Takeda）。（2）含有细胞分裂素和高温条件的培养基可有效克服烟草中的杂种致死性。在Oryza中，高温条件也有效（Marubashi）。（3）使用RT-PCR进行鉴别筛查的结果表明，在体细胞和二肌发育过程中优先表达的基因具有很高的潜力（Yoshida）。（4）被认为是一种农艺策略的新技术，即表达嵌合基因的抗双歧性水稻植物被鞘脂病病原体接种并随后用除草剂治疗的嵌合基因受到症状感染（Uchimiya）的侵害（Uchimiya）。