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Development of biological engineering for plant breeding of next generation

下一代植物育种生物工程的发展

基本信息

批准号：
04304011
负责人：
TAKEDA Genkichi
金额：
$ 11.52万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04304011/
关键词：
Biological engineering Advanced technology of Breeding Somatic hybridization Insect resistance Apomixis Chloroplast genome Disease resistance Genetic resources 葉緑体ゲノム

项目摘要

This study aimed to develop new breeding technology which was applicable to the breeding in the next century. With this in view, advanced studies of biological engineering were selected from the field of plant breeding.In the field of cytological engineering, cytoplasmic male sterility were efficiently produced in rice by asymmetric somatic hybridization, and a physical map and a transcriptional map of mitochondrial genome were made in sugar beet(KINOSHITA). Transcriptional maps of chroloplast and of mitochondria were completed in rice based on cone bank which covers whole genome of mitochondria(HIRAI).In the field of DNA polymorphism utilization, analysis theory for mapping of quantitative trait was developed, and computer program which worked on personal computer, was written based on this theory(UKAI). RAPD and DNA markers were applied for selection of disease resistance in Tomato(NISHIMURA)and of insect resistance in rice(KANEDA). slg which made grain slender and activate mutator i … More n rice was investigated by RFLP(TANISAKA).In the field of new technology for chromosome mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gimasa method were applied for chromosome mapping of rice. Fluorescence differential staining and scanning electron microscopy were supposed to be effective(FUTSHARA).In the field of reproduction, DNA sequences of SLG,SRK,SRA and SRB those related to homomorphic selfincompatibility of Brassica were compared each other.While carambola was investigate as a model of heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HINATA). Apomixis were studied for fixation of heterosis(ADACHI). Moreover, followings were studied, improvement of in vitro pollination, introduction of artificially constructed chimeric genes into pollen by polycation and analysis of proteins those secreted in pollen tube pathway(TAKEDA).In the field of obtaining useful gene or strain from genetic resources, it was revealed that genetic variability of disease resistance in wild rice population was larger than in cultivated rice population(MORISHIMA). While chromosome additional line were produced by introducing a part of chromosome of O.punctata into cultivated rice(IWATA). Less

本研究旨在开发适用于下个世纪育种的新育种技术。鉴于此，从植物育种领域中选择了生物工程的高级研究。在细胞学工程领域，利用不对称体细胞杂交技术在水稻细胞质中获得了有效的雄性不育，并绘制了甜菜线粒体基因组的物理图谱和转录图谱。利用覆盖线粒体全基因组的圆锥体库（HIRAI）完成了水稻叶绿体和线粒体的转录图谱。在DNA多态性利用方面，提出了数量性状定位的分析理论，并根据该理论编写了可在个人计算机上运行的计算机程序（UKAI）。应用RAPD和DNA标记技术对番茄（西村）的抗病性和水稻（金田）的抗病性进行了筛选。利用RFLP（TANISAKA）研究了使水稻籽粒变细并激活突变体i…More n的slg。在染色体定位新技术领域，荧光原位杂交和gimasa法被应用于水稻染色体定位。荧光鉴别染色和扫描电镜被认为是有效的（FUTSHARA）。在繁殖方面，比较了芸苔属同态自交不亲和相关的SLG、SRK、SRA和SRB的DNA序列。杨桃作为异型自交不亲和（HINATA）的模型进行了研究。研究了杂种优势（ADACHI）的无融合固定。此外，还研究了离体授粉的改进、人工构建的嵌合基因通过多阳离子导入花粉以及花粉管通路分泌蛋白的分析（TAKEDA）。在从遗传资源中获取有用基因或品系方面，发现野生水稻群体的抗病遗传变异性大于栽培水稻群体（MORISHIMA）。而将斑点稻的部分染色体引入栽培水稻（IWATA），则产生了染色体附加系。少