Evolution of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs of frogs and toads: from ontogeny to biomechanical mechanisms

青蛙和蟾蜍胸带和前肢的进化：从个体发育到生物力学机制

• 批准号: 525143694
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Alexander Blanke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/525143694?language=en
• 关键词: Evolution; pectoral; girdle; forelimbs; frogs

Despite the otherwise comparably conserved morphology of frogs and toads (Lissamphibia: Anura), a large diversity of locomotor behaviors has evolved within this clade. It is well-known that most parts of the post-cranial skeleton are adapted to specific locomotor behaviors. Yet, adaptations in muscle configurations and the underlying biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system remain poorly understood. The forelimbs and pectoral girdle, although of high importance for locomotion, have gained little attention compared to the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs. We therefore intend to analyze the biomechanical principles underlying the realization of different forelimb and pectoral girdle configurations in relation to locomotor behaviors with the ultimate goal of inferring and explaining the evolution of the musculoskeletal system of the forelimbs and the pectoral girdle. Given inconsistencies in the identification and naming of muscle units, we will first study muscle ontogeny to suggest well-supported muscle homologies across the entire anuran phylogeny and between the Anura and Caudata. Functional analyses will be performed using multibody dynamics simulations and finite element analyses.

尽管青蛙和蟾蜍（Lissamphibia：无尾目）的形态在其他方面很保守，但在这个分支中进化出了大量的运动行为。众所周知，颅后骨骼的大部分都适应特定的运动行为。然而，肌肉结构的适应性和肌肉骨骼系统的生物力学基础仍然知之甚少。前肢和胸带，虽然对运动非常重要，但与骨盆带和后肢相比，很少受到关注。因此，我们打算分析的生物力学原理实现不同的前肢和肩带配置与运动行为的推断和解释前肢和肩带的肌肉骨骼系统的进化的最终目标。鉴于肌肉单位的识别和命名不一致，我们将首先研究肌肉个体发育，以表明整个无尾类动物个体发育以及无尾类和尾类之间的肌肉同源性。将使用多体动力学模拟和有限元分析进行功能分析。