THE CROSS TALK OF SIGNAL TRANSMISSION BETWEEN THE RECEPTOR AND THE CHANNEL

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The second messenger system of the metabotropic glutamate, serotonin_2, TRH and muscarinic_3 receptors-induced responses and relationship among them was investigated. It was suggested that neurons selects and integrates the inputs from different path ways at the 2nd messenger level (Akaike). The excitability of neurons were strongly depended upon the glucose metabolism (Akasu). Depolarization at no-oxygen and no-glucose condition was caused by the increase of Ca^<2+>-dependent cation permeability. Hyperpolarization at the low oxygen condition was cased by activation of Ca^<2+>/CaM kinase II and C kinase (Higashi). Synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose was involved in the Ca^<2+>-induced Ca^<2+> release and new mechanism of that from mitochondria were also found (Kuba). Intracellular Na^+ regulate the intracellular Ca^<2+> concentration (Sorimachi). Ca^<2+> binds to CaM which activates the myosin light chain kinase. This seems to be involved in the presynaptic release of neurotransmitterrs (Kobayashi). The warm-sensitive neurons of thermoregulation center induced Na^+ current passed through "sleepy" like channel at the high temperature. PC-12 cells seems to be useful model for the study of central cool-sensitive neurons (Kiyohara). It was also studied that the process of initial development of nervous system (Takahashi), voltage-dependent intracellular Ca^<2+> release mechanism (Inoue), the role of ion channel for digestion and absorption (Okada, Kitazato), modulation of axonal flow by second messenger (Takenaka), the automatic contraction of stomach smooth muscle (Tomita), endothelial cell dependent hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle (Suzuki), Cl^- of squid (Yamagishi), Na^+ channel (Seyama, Noma) and gap junction (Tonosaki).