MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL AND ENBIRONMENT CHEMICAL APPROACHES FOR GERMINATION CONTROL OF RED-TIDE ALGEA

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Current research data suggest that fluctuation of cyst germination of red-tide algae can be a major factor to start red tide, in addition to high concentration of nutritional factors by industrial polution. To find and develop the methods to control the germination of cysts of the red-tide algae, molecular biological and environment chemical studies were continued for three years.The study on profiles of cyst (Chattonella sp.) distribution in Harima Nada in Seto Inland Sea revieled that cyst number in cylidorial precipitate during these hundred years increased from ca.1900AD,and the number decreased rapidly then after a peak in 1960-1970. The data demonstrated that red-tide algae, Chattonella sp., was already present at Harima Nada in 1600AD.The potential ability of germination of the cyst cells were analyzed after various treatments. Electronic current application (100V,5min) to the cyst cells eliminated the ability of germination of the cysts. The data indicated the technique was use … More full for cyst germination control.Five kinds of monoclonal antibodies against cysts of Scrippsiella trochoidea were raised and the reactivity was surveyed. The data showed that the antibodies were reacted only against spines of the cysts. No reactivity was detected against nutritional growing algae. ELISA of the bottom soil successfully determined the contents of the cysts in the soil.DNA fingerprintings of Chattonella sp., Alexandrium sp., Scrippsiella sp.and Heterosigma sp.were surveyed with singer primers of 8 mer to 12 mer. The finger print visualized by silver stain showed species specific or intraspecies specific band patterns, and the technique can be adaptable to identify red tide algae in the fields.Acidic polysaccharides from Gymunodium A3 and Cocholodium polykrikoides were purified and the structures were surveyed. The purified fraction was identified to be homogenous by electrophoresis and by analytical ultracentrifugation. It was consisted of fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid. The polysaccharide did not show clear toxic effect to cultured cells. Less