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Development of materials for prevention of soil erosion and reforestation

防治水土流失和植树造林材料的开发

基本信息

批准号：
05556024
负责人：
MARUMOTO Takuya
金额：
$ 7.04万
依托单位：
Yamaguchi Uiversity
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05556024/
关键词：
mulching sheet mycorrhial fungi reforestation forest soil prevention of soil erosion microbial biomass 不織布土壌侵食防止多様性指数

项目摘要

Effects of mulching sheet, which were constituted by polyestel random fiber (hollow) web, PVA film, medium, fertilizer, seeds and rayon sheet, on soil erosion and reforestation, had been investigated from 1993 to 1995 at the Ehime University Forest, Mt.Tanokami in Ohtsu City in Shiga Prefecture, several places in Yamaguchi and Miyazaki Prefectures. The reports are composed of 7 sections.1) The basic structure and characteristics of the mulching sheet2) The characteristics of coating fertilizer inserted into the sheet3) Methods of screening, cultivation, inoculation and infection of endo- or ecto- mycorrhizal fungi4) Effects of the sheet on temperature and humidity of soil and of the air between the sheet and soil surface5) Effects of the sheet on germination and growth of tree seeds inserted into the sheet6) Effects of the sheet on growth of tree and herbaceous plants7) Effects of the sheet on soil microorganisms at experimental sites in Yamaguchi and Miyazaki PrefecturesIn all construction sites which are greatly different in climates or soil conditions, the mulching sheet was very effective for prevention of soil erosion. The soil erosion never occurred even in Masa soil, volcanic ash soil and Shirasu soil under the heavy rain such as 50-100mm・h^<-1>. By mulching the root zone of the tree with the sheet, the soil humidity and the temperature were kept nearly constant, and further both the root systems and the tree growth were promoted. Interesting results on the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and the type of tree or soil were obtained. It was observed that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi to the sheet and young trees accelerated the tree growth.Although some problems to improve about this research project are left, initial aims would be achieved significantly.

1993~1995年，在滋贺县大津市田上山爱美大学森林，山口和宫崎县的几个地点，研究了由聚酯纤维(中空)网、PVA薄膜、基质、肥料、种子和人造棉薄膜组成的地膜对土壤侵蚀和造林的影响。报告由7个部分组成：1)地膜的基本结构和特性2)地膜中包膜的特性3)内外菌根真菌的筛选、培养、接种和侵染方法4)地膜对土壤温湿度和土壤表面空气的影响5)地膜对林木种子萌发和生长的影响6)地膜对树木和草本植物生长的影响7)地膜对山口和宫崎县试验点土壤微生物的影响地膜覆盖对防止土壤侵蚀十分有效。在50~100 mm·h~(-1)~(-1)的强降雨条件下，玛沙土、火山灰土和石拉苏土也未发生土壤侵蚀。用地膜覆盖树根，土壤湿度和温度基本保持不变，促进了根系和树木的生长。在菌根真菌与树木或土壤类型的关系方面，得到了有趣的结果。结果表明，接种菌根真菌对树体和幼树的生长有明显的促进作用，但仍存在一些有待改进的问题，初步达到了预期目标。