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Commercial Agriculture under Prevailing Agro-Ecosystems

现有农业生态系统下的商业化农业

基本信息

批准号：
05041039
负责人：
MATSUDA Toshiro
金额：
$ 9.92万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05041039/
关键词：
Commercial farming Small farm sector Ecosystems Rice conversion Viable farming Nonthabuti Chiang Mai Khon Kaen Village study

项目摘要

The small farm sector in Southeast Asia has been undergoing dramatic changes in recent years with the adoption of new crops and technologies, promoting commercialization in agriculture. This study aimed at the clarification of the nature of such changes by dealing with the process and impact of agricultural commercialization in three areas under distinctively different agro-ecosystems in Thailand : Nonthaburi in Central, Khon kaen in Northeastern, and Chiang Mai in Northern Regions. Two villages were selected in each area for a detailed questionnaire survey, and the total of 300 farm households were studied. Survey results include the following :1. Agricultural commercializationoccurred in both rice and upland areas. Rice farming has been converted to horticultre such as vegetable and fruit farming. Land infrastructure had to be converted to ulpand with a unique water management system by polder for planting non-rice crops. This was inevitable in low-lying Nonthaburi but the system has also been introduced in lowland villages in Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen.2. Intensive vegetable cultivation in Nonthaburi and Khon Kaen villages showed much higher profitability than rice farming but accompanied by heavy dosage of agro-chemicals, presenting an urgent need for alternative cultivation methods.3. There is an obvious trend in Chiang Mai to shift toward fruit farming from the traditionally intensive multiple-cropping on rice land. This reflected a higher profitability of Chiang Mai fruits and the increased lack of young rural labor.4. Original upland farming in Khon kaen Since the 1960s has been market-oriented with a concentration on mono-culture of a certain crop. This proved to be fragile in price deline and destroyed ecosystems. At present, economically viable crops are being sought under new market conditions, but ecosystems should also be taken into consideration in the selection of crops and cultivation methods.

近年来，随着新作物和新技术的采用，东南亚的小农业部门经历了巨大的变化，促进了农业的商业化。本研究的目的是澄清这种变化的性质，通过处理的过程和影响，农业商业化在三个领域下的明显不同的农业生态系统在泰国：农塔武里在中央，孔敬在东北部，和清迈在北方地区。在每个地区选择两个村庄进行详细的问卷调查，共调查了300个农户。调查结果包括：1.农业商业化发生在水稻和高地地区。水稻种植已改为蔬菜和水果种植等园艺种植。土地基础设施必须转化为ulpand与一个独特的水管理系统，由圩田种植非水稻作物。这在地势低洼的农塔武里是不可避免的，但该系统也被引入清迈和孔敬的低地村庄。在农塔武里和孔敬村，集约化蔬菜种植的利润率比水稻种植高得多，但伴随着大量的农用化学品，迫切需要替代种植方法。清迈有一个明显的趋势，从传统的密集复种水稻土地转向水果种植。这反映出清迈水果的利润率较高，而农村年轻劳动力的短缺加剧。孔敬的原始高地农业自20世纪60年代以来一直以市场为导向，专注于某种作物的单一栽培。事实证明，这在价格下跌和破坏生态系统方面是脆弱的。目前，正在新的市场条件下寻找经济上可行的作物，但在选择作物和种植方法时也应考虑到生态系统。