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Environmental Impact Assessment and Counter-plans for Acid Rain and Snow in the Circum-pan-Japan Sea Area (Japan, Korea and China)

环日本海地区酸雨雪环境影响评价及对策（日、韩、中）

基本信息

批准号：
05041077
负责人：
HIRAI Eiji
金额：
$ 7.04万
依托单位：
Hokuriku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The cause of forest decline is a research which many scientists are studying in various areas. Due to the difference of the concentration of pollutants in climate, soil, and atmosphere from area to area, the essential factors vary. As examples, there are soil acidification/ action of aluminum, Ozone, lack of magnesium, stress, and surplus nitrogen. Thus, these factors make the problem more difficult to solve.Acidified rainwater is neutralized promptly with soil. there are several ways of neutralization ; 1) dissolution of carbonate, 2) cation exchange reaction with charged ions on surface of soil, 3) dissolution of aluminum, and 4) dissolution of carbon dioxide. we were successful in determining correctly the mechanism of river water quality from acidic precipitation by putting the neutralizations into numerical formulas synthetically and comparing with our experiments.From the studies on estimation of Kosa event from analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM) by beta-ray absorption method, we found out that SO_4^<2-> and NO_3^-, which are ingredients of acidic rain, are affected by Kosa flying to Japan, and that one of the causes SO_4^<2-> concentration is abnormally high on the Japan-Sea coast areas in winter is probable to be Kosa.Generally, rainfall and snowfall are measured by a radar at the the same time the measurement on the ground to be quantitative. By making use of the both measurements, the relationship between Z,a radar reflectivity factor obtained from radar observation and R,rainfall and snowfall rate can be determined. The rainfall and snowfall rate can be estimated from the radar reflectivity factor once the Z-R relationship is determined. In our research, we used X band-radar and determined the Z-R relationship for snowfall. We could get an sufficient result of the relationship by dividing the measurement period into shorter ones.

森林减少的原因是许多科学家在各个领域都在研究的问题。由于不同地区的气候、土壤和大气中污染物浓度的差异，其基本因素也有所不同。例如，有土壤酸化/铝的作用，臭氧，镁的缺乏，压力和过剩的氮。因此，这些因素使问题更加难以解决。酸化的雨水迅速与土壤中和。有几种中和方法：1）碳酸盐溶解，2）与土壤表面带电离子的阳离子交换反应，3）铝溶解，和4）二氧化碳溶解。本文通过将中和作用综合纳入数值计算公式，并与实验结果进行比较，成功地确定了酸性降水对河流水质的影响机理。本文通过β-射线吸收法分析悬浮颗粒物（SPM）对Kosa事件的估算研究，发现酸雨成分SO_4 ~<2->（2-）和NO_3 ~（2-）受Kosa飞到日本的影响，而SO_4 ~（2-）浓度异常偏高是造成日本Kosa事件的原因之一<2->。海岸地区在冬季可能是科萨。一般来说，降雨量和降雪量是由雷达测量的同时，在地面上的测量是定量的。利用这两种资料，可以确定雷达反射率因子Z与降雨量和降雪量R之间的关系。一旦确定了Z-R关系，就可以由雷达反射率因子估计降水和降雪率。在我们的研究中，我们使用了X波段雷达，并确定了降雪的Z-R关系。将测量周期分成较短的几段，可以得到充分的结果。