The Studies on Structure and Functions of the Traditional Economy : Souq Economy in Aleppo

今年我们开展了以下研究活动：(1)叙利亚实地调研除了近两年在阿勒颇苏克地区对小汗的实地调研外，我们还开始对私营部门的制造业进行调研。在调研中，我们参观了阿勒颇的传统产品之一--肥皂工厂，以及一家现代化的服装和塑料制品工厂。研究项目包括公司的组成、企业家的地位、工匠和工匠的组织、雇佣制度、谈判类型、制造业与SuQ的关系、自由化政策对制造业的影响等。正如在Suq中看到的那样，企业家直接参与管理是普遍存在的。可以说，在现代管理方式上，所有权和经营权是没有分离的。另一个重要的一点是，工业规模是相对较小的…更重要的是，主要的战略是小批量生产各种产品，以实现范围经济，而不是规模经济。(2)邀请叙利亚合作调查员访问日本。我们邀请叙利亚合作调查员K.Maghout博士和N.Sukkar博士到日本结束为期三年的研究计划，并公开展示研究结果。为此，我们在东京、新泻、京都、大阪和神奈川举办了公开研讨会。在研讨会上，既有传统的方面，也有当前的国家政策，进行了热烈的讨论。(3)原文翻译与理论建构。本节目的特点是，在对相关学科的原文进行翻译和审查的基础上，以一种新的理论为基础，考察苏州的情况，这一点在这里特别要提到。这个项目主要关注的是传统的Suq经济，这一点一直被忽视，也从未被认真审视。这并不是一件容易的事情，但通过考察实际情况和发展理论，我们可以成功地弄清楚Suq经济的功能和结构。较少

We have carried out the following research activities in this year.(1) Field research in SyriaIn addition to the field researches on small khan in the suq in Aleppo in the last two years, we have started to make a research on the manufacturing industries in the private sector. In the researches, we have visited a factory of soap, which is one of the traditional products in Aleppo, and a modern type of factory of garments and of plastic products. The research items are formations of companies, positions of entrepreneurs, organizations for craftsmen and artisans, systems of empolyment, types of negotiation, manufacuturing's relationships with the suq, influences of liberalization policies on manufacturing and so on. As seen in the suq, a direct involvement of an entrepreneur in management is gerenally found. It can be said that there is no separation between ownership and management in terms of modern type of management. Another important point is that a scale of indutry is relatively sm … More all, and a main strategy is to produce a variety of goods in small lot for realizing <economy of scope>, not<economy of scale>.(2) Invitation of Syrian co-investigators to Japan.We invited Syrian co-investigators, Dr.K.Maghout and Dr.N.Sukkar to Japan for concluding the three-years' research program and presenting the results in public. For this purpose, we hold the open seminars in Tokyo, Niigata, Kyoto, Osaka, and kanagawa. In the seminars, both the traditional aspects and the present state policies were focused, and there was a vigorous discussion going on.(3) Traslations of Original texts and construction of theory.The characteristic of this program, which should be herewith specifically referred to, is a research method for examining the situations of the suq, which is based on a new theory having been developed by translating and examining the original texts of the related subjects. This project has mainly focused on the traditional suq economy, which has been neglected and never been examined seriously. It was not an easy task, but we could succeed in making clearer the functions and structure of the suq economy by examining the actual situations and developing the theory. Less