Specific Diversity and Zerophyc Adaptation of the Lomas Vegetation, along the Coastal Desert of South America.

南美洲沿海沙漠洛马斯植被的具体多样性和零植物适应。

• 批准号: 05041100
• 负责人: ONO Mikio
• 金额: $ 4.42万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05041100/
• 关键词: LOMAS VEGETATION; ZEROPHYC ADAPTATION; SPECIATION; DESERT; SOUTH AMERICA; SEED BANK; POLLINATION; NOLANA

The Lomas vegetation is a seasonal meadow which appears in the coastal desert of Peru and Chile.It occurs only in Spring (from August to November or December), and grows very rapidly to bloom all at once. After fruitfication in general, it disappeares in a very short duration.Besides, they occur along the Pacific Coast from north to south, very seperatedly in distance, consequently each meadow (called as lomas) is isolated each other about 100km or by further. Therefore the situation seems similar to an oceanic island. In this project we intended to study the taxonomic diversification of plant species between each loma from the viewpoint of island biology.Actually, the field surveys have been carried out mainly in the desert near Copiapo, about 700km north of Santiago, Chile.We have also intended to analyze the physical background of this vegetation; topographical and climatological surveys have been carried out for this purpose.The growing season of the lomas community is restricted to a short period during which sufficient moisture is available from the sea-fog, locally called as "garua". Therefore the life-cycle of the plants growing in the lomas must be completed within less than about three months. In this respect the growth analytical survey has been carried out on several species, such as Calandrinia and Fortunetia.Furthermore, the surveys on the pollination and seed-dispersal mechanism in these isolated plant populations are studied. As a result, the main pollinator of the genus Nolana, one of the principal taxonomic group of the lomas community has been observed as bee.The balance sheets of buried seed (so called as seed-bank) were also surveyed as well as meteological data at several points within the area.

洛马斯植被是出现在秘鲁和智利沿海沙漠的季节性草地。它只在春天（从8月到11月或12月）出现，生长非常迅速，一次开花。它们一般在结实后很快消失，而且分布于太平洋沿岸，自北向南沿着分布，距离很远，因此每片草甸（称为洛马斯草甸）之间相隔约100公里或更远。因此，这种情况似乎类似于一个海洋岛屿。本项目旨在从岛屿生物学的角度研究各洛马之间植物物种的分类多样性。实际上，野外调查主要在智利圣地亚哥以北约700公里的科皮亚波附近的沙漠中进行。我们还打算分析这种植被的物理背景;为此目的进行了地形和气候调查，洛马斯群落的生长季节被限制在一个很短的时期内，在此期间，海雾提供了足够的水分，在当地被称为“garua”。因此，在洛马斯生长的植物的生命周期必须在不到三个月的时间内完成。在这方面，我们对几种植物，如Calandrinia和Escherichia，进行了生长分析调查，并对这些孤立的植物种群的授粉和种子传播机制进行了调查。因此，已观察到蜜蜂是Lomas群落的主要分类群之一的Nolana属的主要传粉者。还调查了该地区内几个点的埋藏种子（所谓的种子库）的资产负债表以及气象数据。

项目成果

OHGA,Nobuhiko: "Buried seed population in the Herbaceous Lomas on Loma Ancon in the coastal desert of Central Peru." Ecological Reserach. 7. 341-353 (1993)

OHGA，Nobuhiko：“秘鲁中部沿海沙漠洛马安孔的草本洛马斯埋藏着种子种群。”

岡 秀一: "南米太平洋岸沙漠の気候的特徴-ペル-・アタカマ沙漠の知見から" 沙漠研究. 4(印刷中). (1994)

Shuichi Oka：“南美洲太平洋沿岸沙漠的气候特征 - 来自秘鲁阿塔卡马沙漠的知识”沙漠研究 4（出版中）。

小野幹雄: "新大陸の自然史第3巻(南アメリカにおける森林の改変)" 岩波書店(共著), 42(193-234) (1993)

小野干雄：《新世界自然史第 3 卷（南美森林改造）》岩波书店（合着），42（193-234）（1993）

OHGA,Nobuhiko: "Buried seed population in the herbaceous lomas on Loma Ancon in the coastal desert of Central Peru." Ecological Research. 7. 341-353 (1993)

OHGA，Nobuhiko：“秘鲁中部沿海沙漠洛马安孔的草本洛马中埋藏的种子种群。”

OHGA,Nobuhiko: "Distribution patterns of buried seeds in the Herbaceous Lomas community over the plateau on Loma Ancon, Peru" Journal of Aridland Studies. 1. 41-51 (1991)

OHGA，Nobuhiko：“秘鲁洛马安孔高原草本洛马斯群落中埋藏种子的分布模式”《旱地研究杂志》。