Medical Scientific Research on Highlanders in Himalayas

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1. Respirato-physiological study in Nepal Himalayan. Study of altitude acclimatization mechanism of respiratory control was carried out in Nepal Khumbu area. Resting ventilation and SpO2s during breath holding test from end-expiratory lung volume and effect of oxygen on these parameters were studied at 1300m, 2827m, 3440m and 4430m. Analysis of relationships between these parameters and hypoxic ventilaotry response revealed that even after acclimatizing period increased hypoxic chemosensitivity was accompanied by hypoxic ventilatory depression which was markedly detected in acute hypobaric hypoxia study at sea level.2. Pathological study on EB virus related tumors in Nepal. Regional differences have been reported in a histological type of Hodgkin disease (HD) and frequency of EB virus related HD.24 cases of lymphoma and 54 cases of gastric cancer speciemens of the pathological department of Tribuban University Hospital and CMN Patan Hospital in Katmandu were studied immunologically and pathologically. 7 out of 8 HD and 1 out of 16 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases revealed LMP-1 and EBER-1 ISH positive. In case of gastric cancer, only one out of 54 cases was a positive. Helicobacter Pylori infection was identified in 14 cases out of 38 low differentiated type and one case out of 2 mucous type. No case was positive in 13 high and intermediate differentiated types.3. Histological study on high-altitude animals. Histological study on alveolar structure of Yak (Bos grunnieens) grown up in Nepal Himalayan region and Tibetan plateau was performed. Optical microscopic study showed that the Yak have wider alveolar space and thinner alveolar wall, though elastic fibers in the wall were more clearly identified than that of human. Electron microscopic study showed fewer type II alveolar endothelial cell and more and larger Kohn's pores than rat. These modified configuration in alveolar structure is considered to be morphological adaptive response to long term hypoxia.