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Inpact of Urbanization on Hydrological cycle and Rehabilitation of Natural Hydrological Cycle

城市化对水文循环的影响及自然水文循环的恢复

基本信息

批准号：
05302042
负责人：
TAKAHASI Yutaka
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
Shibaura Institute of Techonology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

During the past half century, especially since the end of second world war, rapid urbanization has been common in many parts of the world. New suburban cities grow and expand to accomodate growing demands of population concentration into large cities affecting natural water regime through different mechanisms. On one hand, water demands by growing populations make it necessary to develope new resources such as ground water extraction which create long term associated problems in land subsidence and sea water intrusion. Flood protection works make rivers artificial, and together with industrial pollution, deprive the inhabitants of recreational functions of urban rivers. On the other hand, loss of natural infiltration areas and expansion of impervious areas affect the water cycle in the urban areas resulting in increased peak discharges and reduced river low flows. Inpact of urbanization on hydrological cycle were analyzed through the data analysis and field observation.1) Urban hydrological cycle and its improvement measures.2) Long term analysis of humidity trend caused by urbanization process.3) Field obsevation on thermal environment around the coastal zone of Minato-ku.The land preservation ability of forest and paddy field.Simple biosphere model including urban area and water body, and ite application to the basin of Lake Biwa.Change of grandwater levels upstream of saltwater barrier at Nagaragawa River.Grobal warming and groudwater.The water balance analyzes of the five lakes of Mt.Fuji.Inpact of urbanization on hydrological cycle and remedial measure.Simulation of basin scale runoff reduction by infiltration syatem.Estimation of vertical water and heat fluxes in the semi-confined auifers in Tokyo metropolitan area, JAPAN.Characteristics of rice field irrigation : The Japanese experience.

半个世纪以来，特别是二战结束以来，快速城市化在世界许多地区普遍存在。新的郊区城市不断发展和扩张，以满足人口向大城市集中不断增长的需求，通过不同的机制影响自然水情。一方面，不断增长的人口对水的需求使得有必要开发新资源，例如地下水开采，这会造成地面沉降和海水入侵等长期相关问题。防洪工程使河流成为人工河流，加上工业污染，剥夺了城市河流居民的休闲功能。另一方面，自然渗透区域的丧失和不渗透区域的扩大影响城市地区的水循环，导致峰值流量增加和河流低流量减少。通过数据分析和实地观测，分析城市化对水文循环的影响。1）城市水文循环及其改善措施。2）城市化过程引起的湿度趋势的长期分析。3）港区沿海地区热环境的实地观测。森林和水田的土地保护能力。包括城市和水体的简单生物圈模型以及在湖泊流域的应用琵琶.长良川咸水坝上游大水位变化.全球变暖与地下水.富士山五湖的水平衡分析.城市化对水文循环的影响及补救措施.渗透系统减少流域规模径流的模拟.半封闭区域垂直水流和热通量的估算日本东京都市区的金蝇。稻田灌溉的特点：日本的经验。