Biotechnological studies on the mechanisms regulating embryogenesis

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1)Oocyte maturation and fertilizationA)A heat-stable factor responsible for cumulus expansion was isolated form follicular fluid. The factor was potent to stimulate male pronucleus formation of eggs fertilized in vitro.B)Oocytes from c-mos-deficient mice matured to the second meiotic metaphase, but were activated without fertilization.C)Male mice homozygous for a targeted mutation in the mouse acrosin gene were still fertile.D)Supplementing the fertilization medium with soluble factor(s)vortexed out of cumulus-oocyte complexes improved the rate of fertilization when spermatozoa were preincubated in BSA-supplemented medium.2)Cleavage of fertilized eggsA)A steroid, progesterone, was potent to induce parthenogenetic development of unfertilized eggs.B)Fetal ovotestes in XX * XY chimeras develop into testes in adults.C)ET-1-'-homozygous mice die of respiratory failure at birth and have morphological abnormalities of the pharyngeal-arch-derived craniofacial tissues and organs.D)The cell line maintaining pluripotency was established in rat.3)Embryo freezingA)A system for producing young from cryopreserved gametes and embryos was established.