Genetic Resource and Ecological-Genetics of Wild Soybean

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Glycine max Merr. is considered to have evolved from the wild soybean G.soja Sieb. et. Zucc. which has grown mainly in East Asia. The wild soybean can hybridize easily with soybean cultivar and then has been classified in the same subgenus Soja as G.max. The other wild species of Glycine are separated from subgenus Soja. The present study tour was planned firstly to survey the habitat of wild soybean in Korea, Taiwan and China, and secondly to elucidate the genetic constitution of the G.soja in Korea and China. The East Asia surveys on the wild soybean were summarized as follows.1)G.soja was observed widely in Korea and China. Main habitats were a waste land and a bank of big river. In Korea some wild soybeans were observed as weed of soybean cultivations. G.formosana closely related to G.soja, and G.tabacina and G.tomentella were found locally in only Taiwan.2)G.soja of Korea and China were evaluated for isozyme allele. The large genetic diversity were observed in Korea and west China. Allelic frequencies of isozyme loci were scarcely found among the districts.3)RFLP analysis for chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes were carried out to elucidate for cytoplasmic genetic diversity of Korean and Chinese wild soybean. Three types, cpI,cpII and cpIII,of cpDNA were observed in wild soybean. The cultivar type cpI was observed slightly in Korea and not in China. The cpII was observed in Korea and southern China and rarely in north and northeast China. The cpIII was widely found in Korea and China. Many types were observed in mtDNA of wild soybean. The most dominant IVa was widely found and the cultivar type IVb was occasionally observed in Korea and frequently in south China.