Crustacean Biogeography in the Western Pacificdiversification processes of the littoral fauna

众所周知，日本的沿海甲壳动物区系与澳大利亚和新西兰的甲壳动物区系有相当多的共同点，尽管它们之间的地理距离很远。这表明这些动物群在地质历史上可能有来自特提斯海的共同祖先。该项目的目的是详细了解这些地区的甲壳类动物群是如何在系统发育上相关的，以及藻类区系的某些方面是如何相关的。由于积累微型动物数据(例如，从沉积物样本中采集样本)需要很长时间，本报告基于迄今获得的有限数据。介形虫样本是从澳大利亚整个海岸和新西兰几个地点的约250个地点的海草和藻类中采集的。沉积物样本通过嵌套筛子洗涤，介形类(主要是足足类)样本在双目显微镜下从干燥的沉积物中挑选出来。介形类组合的聚类分析揭示了…更重要的是，介形类生物地理省的边界也是用诱饵陷阱收集的，目前正在根据与日本物种的比较形态进行研究。新西兰马纳瓦活化石是唯一一个活化石介形类介形动物被收集到的地区。我们收集了大约10个该物种的活标本，并用这些标本首次对马纳瓦进行了录像。目前正在对生活在潮间带的藤壶的mtDNA进行处理，以确定8种日本物种和4种澳大利亚物种的遗传相似性。这些数据将被用来调查物种形成过程。利用浮游生物网在大量地点采集与海草相关的十足目(虾)Macura虾，以调查分类群的生物地理学。很明显，物种多样性随着纬度的增加而减少。在南极，该分类单元被棕榈科的物种所取代。十足纲(蟹)对红树林沼泽中的介足科物种的生态特征进行了分类和地理分布的研究。行为特征的视频观察，包括挥动模式，对于物种形成过程和物种水平的系统发育的综合研究是有用的。一些物种的线粒体DNA正在分析中。藻类的主要兴趣在于生活在微咸水中的藻类的种下多样化过程。由于与日本的一些特有种有密切的亲缘关系，毛果属(Acrocarpia)和球果属(Caulucctis)的种类特别令人感兴趣。较少

It is known that the littoral crustacean fauna of Japan has a considerable number of elements in common with those of Australia and New Zealand, despite the geographical distance between them. This suggests that the faunas may have common ancestors from the Tethyan Sea in the geologic past. The aim of this project is to understand in detail how the crustacean faunas from these regions are related phylogenetically, and also how certain aspects of algal floras are related. As it takes much time to accumulate microfaunal data (e.g., picking specimens from sediment samples) , this report is based on the limited data obtained so far.Ostracoda Samples were collected from sea grass and algae at about 250 localities along the entire coast of Australia and several points in New Zealand. Sediment samples were washed through nested sieves, and ostracod (primarily podocopid) specimens were picked out from dry sediment under a binocular microscope. Cluster analyzes of the ostracod assemblages revea … More led that the boundaries of ostracod biogeographic provinces Myodocopid ostracods were also collected with a baited trap, and they are presently being studied in the light of comparative morphology with Japanese species.The 'living fossil' Manawa New Zealand is the only area in which the 'living fossil' ostracod Manawa has been collected alive. We were able to collect about 10 living specimens of the species, and with these specimens Manawa was video-recorded for the first time. Several new findings were mode concerning behavior of Manawa.Cirripedia The mtDNA of barnacles living in the intertidal zone is now being processed to determine the genetic similarities among 8 species from Japan and 4 species from Australia. This data will be used to investigate speciation processes.Decapoda (shrimps) Macura shrimps associated with sea grass were collected from a large number of localities using a plankton net while skin diving, to investigate the biogeography of the taxon. It became clear that the species diversity decreases with higher latitude. In the Antarctic the taxon is replaced by species of Palaemonidae.Decapoda (crabs) Ecological characteristics of species of Ocypodidae living in mangrove swamps were studied with respect to taxonomy and geographical distribution. Video-observation of behavioral characteristics, including waving pattern, are useful for integrated investigation of speciation processes and species-level phylogeny. The mtDNA of some species is being analyzed.Algae The main interest lies in the infraspecies diversification process of algae living in brackish water. Species of Acrocarpia and Caulocyctis are of special interest, for they are closely related to some endemic species of Japan. Less