Calcification rate on the organic hard tissue based on the study of microstructure, mineralization mechanism and ecological condition of invertebrates

研究了有孔虫、介形类和软体动物3种不同生物的显微结构、矿化机制和无脊椎动物的生态条件。有孔虫：在不同温度和盐度条件下培养底栖有孔虫。研究了有孔虫试验中的孔隙形态，结果表明，在不利条件下生活的试样的孔隙形状是不规则的。连续观察钙化过程。结果发现，在钙化的开始，所有的孔隙都是不规则的形状。随着钙化的进展，孔隙变成圆形。这表明，如果钙化速度慢，则会保留不规则形状的气孔。介形虫：在不同温度和盐度条件下培养介形足足介形虫。分析了不同蜕皮阶段甲壳的Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca比值。结果表明，Sr/Ca比值不受海水温度的影响，而Mg/Ca比值则受海水温度的影响。当一个婴儿的Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca比值与成人相比，婴儿表现出非常高的值为这两个比率。这是可以考虑的增长率的婴儿是远远高于成人，这意味着一个重要的影响的化学参数。软体动物：几何特征的双壳类进行了研究，从理论和经验。研究了壳体外表面上的纤维棱柱和叶片以及平行于壳体外表面的壳体截面上的复合棱柱。计算机模拟和自然样品进行了比较。结果表明，棱柱的生长速率与简单棱柱形核几率呈正相关。棱柱尺寸与整个壳或棱柱的生长速率相关，并且随着壳生长得更快或棱柱生长得更慢而增加。

Three different organisms, foraminerfers, Ostracodes and Molluscs, were examined for microstructure, mineralization mechanism and ecological condition of invertibrates.Foraminefers : Benthic foraminerfers were cultured under different temperature and salinity conditions. Morphology of the pores in the foraminerfer tests were examined, and the results indicate the pores are irregular in shape for specimens living in unfavorable conditions. Calcification process was continuously observed. It was found that in the beginning of the calcification, all the pores are irregular in shape. The pores become circular with the progress in calcification. This suggests that if the calcification rate is slow, the irregular shape of the pores will be retained.Ostracodes : Podocopida ostracode were cultured under different temperature and salinity conditions. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of carapace were analyzed with respect to different molting stages. The results show that Sr/Ca ratio is not affected by the sea water temperature, where as the Mg/Ca ratio is dependent on sea water temperature. When an infant was compared for the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios with an adult, the infant showed extraordinary high values for both the ratios. It is possible to consider that the growth rate of infant is far higher than the adult and this implies a vital effect on the chemical parameters.Molluscs : Geometric features of bivalvia were examined both theoretically and empirically. Fibrous prisms and foliated blades on the external shell surface and composite prisms in shell section parallel to the outer shell surface were studied. Computer stimulation and natural samples were compared. The results show a positive correlation between growth rate of prisms and the probability of nucleation of simple prisms. Prism size correlates with growth rate of the entire shell or prisms, and increases as the shell grows faster or prisms grow slower.