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Japan and Asia in Transition : Dynamism of Economics, Politics. International Relations, and Culture

转型中的日本和亚洲：经济、政治的活力。

基本信息

批准号：
06044204
负责人：
IGARASHI Akio
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
RIKKYO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Igarashi AkioIn my capacity as chief representative of the above named collaborative research project, I served to coordinate the various aspects of the research as well as to provide the project with both its general and concluding remarks. To this end, I organized the various arguments raised during our several research meetings, carried out on-site surveys testing these arguments, and analyzed the survey results. For example, I explored a number of associated phenomena that provide the backdrop to what has recently been referred to as "Japanization" : 1) the international economy of East Asia, 2) the receptivity to Japanese mass culture on the part of Southeast Asia and South Korea, 3) the economy of Taiwan and other regions, 4) the conditions of social development in each region, 4) the emergence of a "new middle class" and associated life-styles ; 5) and, looking backward, the traditional culture of each region and the manner in which foreign culture has been accepted. In addition … More , I asked what kinds of inpacts the acceptance of Japanese mass culture has had in each region. On this crucial and central issue-which lends itself to verification only with the greatest of difficulty-I conducted surveys and focused much of our analysis.As a result of this research, I concluded that the crucial period in this so called Japanization begins with an internationalizing economy, specifically the penetration of Southeast Asia by the Japanese economy after the Plaza Agreement of 1985 and extends through the transformations of the 1990 : s in the directional flow of the international economy in East Asia. However, on the question of the "commonalities" shared by, and resonances between, Japan and other East Asian cultures I was not able to reach definitive conclusions : but several propositions did, in fact, begin to emerge from the survey research. Provisionally, my research suggests that the impact of acceptance of Japanese culturevaries greatly depending on a number of factors : the particular cultural content, the region and the conditions therein, the generation, etc. Because this research, ranging as it does across a variety of disciplines and a number of regions, focuses widely on a theme that, by its very nature, possesses a plurality of aspects, the task of providing both an overview and conclusion has not been an easy one. Nevertheless, I hope to present this research in the near future in a manner that does justice to the various issues that have emerged in the course of the project.Kurata HideyaMy specialization is Korean politics, its achievements in the past in two major topical areas : 1) the history of internal politics and constitutional history ; and 2) international politics and security guarantees. I have dealt with the first topic in a co-authored book in which we explore constitutional history in South Korea largely from a political angle. In a recent article, I devote a great deal of attention to the analysis of the relation between debated over constitutional revision of the Diet-Cabinet system and arguments for installing a new political administration. In the last analysis, the relation between these two areas of debate will constitute a major portion of research designed to demonstrate the process by which the mechanism of political change in Korea is becoming established. In the course of this research, I have consulted a variety of materials, with emphasis on published works on constitutional history and political history, materials published by the Office of the Presidential Secretariat, journals specializing in political institutions, and memoires of party politicians.On the second topic area, in a number of articles--published largely in conference proceedings, both japanese and international--I have analyzed the security guarantees surrounding North--South Korea relations and the relations of the Korean Peninsula with other countries from the perspective of Korean unification and diplomatic relations. The issues involved have varied over the course of a period beginning with the first North--South Korean dialogue in the early 1970's and continuing up to conditions in a post--Cold present. In any case, I have endeavored to write about Korean issues based on structural analysis and conceptual understanding rather than simply amassing descriptive detail on events and figures. In particular, on complex issues such as nuclear proliferation and the aftermath of the Korean War, the critical analysis has focused heavily on points of contact with contiguous regions in the area. In this regard, my research materials have included everything from government and party newsletters and journals published in South and North Korea to U.S.State Department materials as well as newspapers and internal military publications in Russian and Chinese.KEYWORDS (1) Korean politics (2Korean politics (3)Korean Constitution (4)party politics (5)North-South Korean relations (6)unification issue (7)nuclear Gssue (8)peace system (9)multinational conferenceMita MunesukeMy research focuses on theories of expansion of information and consumption as exemplary tendencies of modern societies. Moreover, I focus on the relations between these two phenomena of an expanding information society and a diversifying consumer society ; environmental issues--polution, natural resoource and energy--associated with the external effects of these two phenomena ; and the linkage between the "North--South question" and so-called issues of "development, " "population, " "poverty, " etc. In an attempt to suggest new directions for the resolution of these various issues, I have worked to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework.KEYWORDS(1)expansion of information (2)expansion of consumption (3)notural resourse (4)energy issues (5)environmental issues (6)North-Sorth questionNomura KohichiWhile the radical transformations in contemporary China begin in the 1980's, the contemporary era of reform and liberation extends back through a process of nearly twenty years. Nevertheless, these trends are still little understood. 1) On the economic front, while China's remarkable growth in CHina is universally recognized, and, at least to a certain degree, macro-control has gradually begun to function sucessfully ; the contradictions accompanying growth are still conspicuously present, in particular, an almost unimaginable widening of the discrepancies in regional economies against a backdrop of expanding national territory and a population numbering twelve hundred million. 2) On the political front, the leadership continues to strive for stability with the smooth transition of political power as a major objective ; however, the pursuit of this objective appears to be leading China toward confrontation in the international arena and toward increasing conservatism at home. In 1994, realizing the necessity of premising any exploration of the cultural and intellectual dynamics in Cnina on an understanding of this current economic and political situation, I conducted a number of survers in various locals. In my provisional conclusions, I focused on the return to " traditional culture" that had its source in a sense of loss and destabilization. (I DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LAST SENTENCE) From this point of view, as the chief investigator, I became intensely aware of the importance of contextualizing current vicissitudes within a much longer time span. My book, "The Study of China : Current Perspectives" was one effort to do precisely that. As part of this project, "Japanization" has occupied a significant place. It seems to me that lurking just behind the surface of what is commonly referred to as Japanization are a number of unarticulated views--on the one hand, a particular evaluation of Japan's historical modernization, and on the other hand, a certain sense of contempt or disdain. At present, the cultural impact on China of Japan, as a neighboring country, is no doubt considerable. Nevertheless, the fact that this actually has an ambiguous meaning for China has not been adequately explored.KEYWORDS(1)reform-liberation (2)reform to tradition (3)modernization (4)worldiness Less

作为上述合作研究项目的首席代表，我负责协调研究的各个方面，并为项目提供一般性和结束语。为此，我整理了几次研究会议中提出的各种论点，并对这些论点进行了现场调查，并对调查结果进行了分析。例如，我探讨了一些相关现象，这些现象为最近被称为“日本化”的现象提供了背景：1)东亚的国际经济，2)东南亚和韩国对日本大众文化的接受程度，3)台湾和其他地区的经济，4)每个地区的社会发展条件，4)“新中产阶级”和相关生活方式的出现；5)回顾过去，每个地区的传统文化和接受外来文化的方式。此外，我还问了日本大众文化的接受对每个地区产生了什么样的影响。在这个至关重要的中心问题上，我进行了调查，并集中了我们的大部分分析。作为这项研究的结果，我得出结论，这种所谓的日本化的关键时期始于一个国际化的经济，特别是1985年广场协议后日本经济对东南亚的渗透，并通过20世纪90年代东亚国际经济定向流动的转变而延伸。然而，关于日本和其他东亚文化之间的“共性”和共鸣的问题，我无法得出明确的结论，但事实上，从调查研究中开始出现了一些命题。暂时，我的研究表明，接受日本文化的影响很大程度上取决于许多因素：特定的文化内容、所处的地区和条件、一代人等。由于这项研究涉及多个学科和多个地区，广泛关注一个主题，就其本质而言，该主题具有多个方面，因此提供概述和结论的任务并不容易。尽管如此，我希望在不久的将来以一种公正的方式呈现这项研究，以解决项目过程中出现的各种问题。仓田秀弥的专长是韩国政治，其过去的成就主要集中在两大课题领域：1)国内政治史和宪政史；2)国际政治和安全保障。我在一本合著的书中讨论了第一个话题，在这本书中，我们主要从政治角度探讨了韩国的宪法历史。在最近的一篇文章中，我着重分析了国会内阁制修宪争论与建立新政府的争论之间的关系。在最后的分析中，这两个辩论领域之间的关系将构成研究的主要部分，旨在证明韩国政治变革机制正在建立的过程。在这一研究过程中，我查阅了各种资料，重点是关于宪法史和政治史的出版著作、总统秘书室出版的资料、专门研究政治机构的期刊和政党政治家的回忆录。关于第二个主题领域，在许多文章中——主要发表在日本和国际会议论文集上——我从朝鲜半岛统一和外交关系的角度分析了围绕南北关系和朝鲜半岛与其他国家关系的安全保障。所涉及的问题在一个时期内有所不同，从20世纪70年代初的第一次朝韩对话开始，一直持续到冷战结束后的今天。无论如何，我一直在努力以结构分析和概念理解为基础来撰写韩国问题，而不是简单地收集事件和人物的描述性细节。特别是，在核扩散和朝鲜战争后果等复杂问题上，批判性分析主要集中在与该地区相邻地区的接触点上。在这方面，我的研究材料包括从韩国和朝鲜出版的政府和党的通讯和期刊到美国国务院的材料以及俄文和中文的报纸和内部军事出版物。关键词(1)韩国政治(2)韩国政治(3)韩国宪法(4)政党政治(5)南北韩关系(6)统一问题(7)核问题(8)和平体系(9)多国会议文奈苏弥太（emita munesuki）我的研究重点是作为现代社会典范趋势的信息扩张和消费理论。此外，我还关注了不断扩大的信息社会和多样化的消费社会这两种现象之间的关系；环境问题——污染、自然资源和能源——与这两种现象的外部影响有关；以及“南北问题”与所谓的“发展”、“人口”、“贫困”等问题之间的联系。为了为解决这些不同的问题提出新的方向，我努力构建一个全面的理论框架。关键词(1)信息扩张(2)消费扩张(3)自然资源(4)能源问题(5)环境问题(6)南北问题野村浩一当代中国的激进变革始于20世纪80年代，而当代改革解放时代则延续了近20年。然而，人们对这些趋势仍然知之甚少。1)在经济方面，虽然中国的显著增长是公认的，至少在一定程度上，宏观调控已经逐渐开始成功地发挥作用；伴随增长而来的矛盾仍然明显存在，特别是在国家领土不断扩大和人口达到12亿的背景下，区域经济差异的扩大几乎是难以想象的。(2)政治方面，继续坚持以平稳过渡为主要目标的稳中求变；然而，对这一目标的追求似乎正在引导中国在国际舞台上走向对抗，在国内走向日益保守。1994年，我意识到任何对中国文化和知识动态的探索都必须以了解当前的经济和政治形势为前提，于是我在不同的地方进行了一些调查。在我的初步结论中，我关注的是对“传统文化”的回归，这种文化的根源在于一种失落感和不稳定感。（我不明白最后一句话）从这个角度来看，作为首席研究员，我强烈地意识到在更长的时间跨度内将当前的变迁置于背景下的重要性。我的书《中国研究：当前视角》正是这样做的一种努力。作为这个项目的一部分，“日本化”占据了一个重要的位置。在我看来，在通常被称为“日本化”的表象背后，隐藏着许多未被阐明的观点——一方面，是对日本历史现代化的一种特殊评价，另一方面，是某种蔑视或不屑。目前，作为邻国的日本对中国的文化影响无疑是相当大的。然而，这实际上对中国有一个模棱两可的含义，这一事实并没有得到充分的探讨。关键词：(1)改革解放；(2)向传统改革；(3)现代化