適応進化のメカニズムに関する分子集団遺伝学的研究

适应性进化机制的分子群体遗传学研究

• 批准号: 06304002
• 负责人: HARADA Tomoko
• 金额: $ 19.78万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Genetics
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06304002/
• 关键词: Molecular population genetics; Adaptive evolution; Neutral theory; Gene duplication; DNA polymorphism; Drosophila; Genetic variation; Population differentiation

The development of the neutral theory in molecular evolution established that the majority of nucleotide substitutions occurred during the course of evolution are caused by random fixation of neutral mutations. On the other hand, we can see tremendous amount of diversity of organisms at the phenotypic level, many of which has been explained in terms of Darwinian adaptive evolution. Some of newly emerging molecular data are contradictory to the strict neutral mutation theory as well. The present study was carried out with an idea that adaptation was achieved by a relatively small number of changes such as gene duplication followed by functional diversity, amino-acid-alternating substitutions, and changes in regulatory regions. We successfully detected the effects of positive and negative natural selection from DNA sequence data combined with theoretical analysis based on the population genetics.The recent advance of molecular biology has been accumulating diverse biological information such as high-order structure of proteins and gene interaction at very high rate, and also reveals the complication of genetic networks. Further advance of theoretical and experimental population genetics along this line will be needed to get a deep understanding of complicated evolution at the phenotypic and the molecular level.

分子进化中性理论的发展表明，在进化过程中发生的大多数核苷酸取代都是由中性突变的随机固定引起的。另一方面，我们可以在表型水平上看到大量的生物多样性，其中许多已经用达尔文的适应性进化来解释。一些新出现的分子数据也与严格的中性突变理论相矛盾。本研究认为，适应性是通过相对少量的变化实现的，如基因复制，随后的功能多样性，氨基酸交替替代和调控区域的变化。结合种群遗传学的理论分析，我们成功地从DNA序列数据中发现了正、负自然选择的影响。近年来分子生物学的发展使蛋白质的高阶结构和基因相互作用等多种生物信息以极快的速度积累起来，并揭示了遗传网络的复杂性。在这一方向上，种群遗传学理论和实验的进一步发展，将有助于在表型和分子水平上对复杂的进化有更深刻的认识。

项目成果

Miyashita, N.T., Innan, H.and Terauchi, R.: "Intra-and interspecific variation of alcohol dehydrogenase locus region in wild plants Arabis gemmifera and Arabidopsis thaliana." Mol.Biol.Evol.13. 433-436 (1996)

Miyashita, N.T.、Innan, H. 和 Terauchi, R.：“野生植物拟南芥和拟南芥中醇脱氢酶基因座区域的种内和种间变异。”

Endo, T., Ikeo, K.and Gojobori, T.: "Large-scale search for genes on which positive selection may operate." Mol.Biol.Evol.13. 685-690 (1996)

Endo, T.、Ikeo, K. 和 Gojobori, T.：“大规模搜索可以进行正选择的基因。”

Tomoko Ohta: "The current significance and standing of neutral and nearly neutral theories." BioEssays. 18.8. 673-677 (1996)

Tomoko Ohta：“中立和近中立理论的当前意义和地位。”

Naohiko Miyashita: "Intra- and interspecific variation of alcohol dehydrogenase locus region in wild plants Arabis gemmifera and Arabidopsis thaliana" Mol.Biol.Evol.13・2. 433-436 (1996)

Naohiko Miyashita：“野生植物拟南芥和拟南芥中醇脱氢酶基因座区域的种内和种间变异”Mol.Biol.Evol.13・2（1996）。

Tajima, F.: Estimation of the amount of DNA polymorphism and statistical tests of the neutral mutation hypothesis based on DNA polymorphism.In Progress in Population Genetics and Human Evolution, eds P.Donnelly and S.Tavare. Springer-Verlag, New York (in

Tajima, F.：DNA 多态性数量的估计和基于 DNA 多态性的中性突变假说的统计检验。《群体遗传学和人类进化进展》，P.Donnelly 和 S.Tavare 编辑。