Molecular Ecological Studies on the Microorganisms which Kill or Destroy the Harmful and Toxic Microalgae During their Blooms

杀死或消灭开花期间有害有毒微藻的微生物的分子生态学研究

• 批准号: 06304019
• 负责人: UCHIDA Aritsune
• 金额: $ 12.1万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06304019/
• 关键词: algicidalbacteria; redtide algae; Heterosigma akashiwo; Gymnodinium mikimotoi; host specificity; Cytophaga; Alteromonas; molecular taxonomy; Heterosigma akashiwo; 赤潮; Heterosigmaakashiwo; RFLP; DNA; algicide; red tide; phytoplankton; kille

We enumerated the microorganisms which killed the noxious red tide phytoplankton Heterosigma ak ashiwo (raphidophyceae) and Gymnodinium mikimotoi, (dinophyceae)Ha during their blooms which occurred in Hiroshima Bay and Uranouchi Bay or Tanabe Bay, Japan, in 1995 and 1996, using the MPN method.At every sampling site in Hiroshima Bay in both years, the rapid in crease of the algicidal microorganisms in the seawater fractions less than 0.8mm was observed at the termination period of the blooms. Because the seawater fraction less than 0.2mm fluctuated poorly reloted to the extinction of H.ak ashiwo blooms, the algicidal bacteria may play the leading part in the temination of the bloom. We could isolate many strains of H.ak ashiwo-killing bacteria (HAKB) during the blooms. The number of algicidal bacteria against Chattonella antiqua were one or two order of magnitude lower than that of HAKB.Therefore it is suggested that the population dynamics of algicidal bacteria may have a close relatio … More nship to the blooms of the phytoplankton. In marine ecosystem, algicidal bacteria against specific phytoplankton seem to regulate the change of structure of phytoplankton communities.Several strains of the marine bacteria which killed G.mikimotoiwere isolated during the occurrence of the huge red tide of G.mikimotoi in Tanabe Bay. Among them the strains belonged to the genus Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas-Alteromonas. The fact that all of them grew in filtered natural seawater without any nutrient supplements suggested that the killing bacteria are ubiquitous in seawter and are related to the occurrence of G.mikimotoi opportunistically. Most of the killing bacteria did not affect the growth of three marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Ditylum brightwelli and Thalassiosira sp., and some of them did not affect the growth of the Alexandrium catenella.A bacterium, Flavobacterium sp.5N-3, obtained from sawater after the disappearance of a noxious G.mikimotoired tide in Uranouchi Bay showed a drastic algicidal effect on this species in particular, while it had no effects on other red tide plankton of Skeletonem costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Chattonella anitiqua.These results suggest that bacteria with species-specific inhibitory effects play an importnat role on the succession of phytoplankton community and algalblooming could be prevented by using such microbes as a "microbial pesticide". Less

本文列举了杀死有害赤潮浮游植物异弯藻的微生物（针藻纲）和米氏裸盖藻，1995年和1996年，在日本广岛湾、田锅湾和田田边湾，采用MPN法，在水华结束期，0.8mm以下海水中溶藻微生物数量迅速增加。由于小于0.2mm的海水浓度波动与赤潮的消退关系不大，溶藻细菌可能在赤潮的消退中起主导作用。在水华期间，我们可以分离到大量的杀志贺菌（HAKB）。对Chattonella antiqua的溶藻细菌数量比HAKB低1 ~ 2个数量级，因此，溶藻细菌的种群动态可能与细菌的种类和数量有密切关系。 ...更多信息 浮游植物的繁盛。在海洋生态系统中，针对特定浮游植物的溶藻细菌似乎调节着浮游植物群落结构的变化，在田边湾米氏裸藻赤潮发生过程中，分离到了几株能杀死米氏裸藻的海洋细菌。其中弧菌属、黄杆菌属、不动杆菌属和假单胞菌-交替单胞菌属。所有这些细菌都生长在过滤后的天然海水中，没有任何营养补充剂，这表明杀细菌在海水中普遍存在，并与G.mikimotoi的发生机会有关。大部分杀菌菌对中肋骨条藻、布莱特韦利双壁藻和海链藻的生长没有影响，从天之内湾赤潮消失后的海水中分离到的一株细菌Flavobacterium sp.5N-3对链状亚历山大藻有明显的杀藻作用，而对中肋骨条藻、赤潮异弯藻这些结果表明，具有种特异性抑制作用的细菌在浮游植物群落演替中起着重要作用，可以作为“微生物农药”来防治藻华。少

项目成果

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Nagasaki, K. 等人：“赤潮异藻（Raphidophyceae）中的病毒感染；有害赤潮的可能终止机制”有害海洋藻华。

今井一郎: "地球をまもる小さな生き物たち-環境微生物とバイオレメディエーション-" 技法堂出版, (1995)

今井一郎：“保护地球的小生物 - 环境微生物和生物修复” Gijutsudo Publishing，（1995）

I.Yoshinaga: "Lysis of Gymnodinium nagasakiense by Marine bacteria" Proceedings of Toxic Phytoplankton Symposium. (1995)

I.Yoshinaga：“海洋细菌裂解长崎裸甲藻”有毒浮游植物研讨会论文集。

K. Nakanishi et al.: "Detection of the red tide-causing plankton Chattonella marina using a piezoelectric immunosensor" Analytica Chimica Acta. 325. 73-80 (1996)

K. Nakanishi 等人：“使用压电免疫传感器检测引起赤潮的浮游生物 Chattonella 码头”Analytica Chimica Acta。

I.Imai: "Killing of marine phytoplankton by a gliding bacterium Cytophaga sp.,isolated from the coastal sea of Japan" Mar.Biol.116. 527-532 (1994)

I.Imai：“从日本沿海分离的滑翔细菌 Cytophaga sp. 杀死海洋浮游植物”Mar.Biol.116。