Intensive study for evaluation and establishment of DNA identity in criminal justice.

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It provides important information for forensic DNA profiling to evaluate technology relating DNA analysis, forensic application of DNA polymorphic loci such as STR and RFLP,data base and biostatistical analysis, legal and ethical aspects of DNA test. In these aspects, we made intensive study concerning diagnosis of human specific region, sex typing and individual indentification from forensic materials. Also symposium and meetings were held in the period of research project.1) For determination of genetic uniqueness of individual species, human specific DNA region (HSS) were analyzed using PCR method for forensic materials (saliva, sperms, blood stains, hairs, tissues, bones and tooth). It was confirmed that HSS region was detected only in human genomes involving Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid, and was absent in non-human primates.2) DXZ 4 and SPY genes were examined to ascertain the feasibility of a sex-typing procedure using PCR.The DXZ 4 amplification could detect the 80bp fragment from female DNA.The SPY probe identified a male-specific sequence on chromosome Y.3) Individual identification from forensic blood samples were performed for MCT118, ACTBP2, FGA,D8S320, D11S488, TH01 and D16S537 loci using PCR and relating technology. Allelic frequencies of these loci were obtained from 200-300 Japanese population. In addition, microsatellite variant repeat (MVR) mapping using PCR at D1S8 (MS32) was applied to a practical cases.4) DNA sequence data for DNA profiling of forensic materials using STR systems are necessary and quality assurance guidances must be established in Japan. In addition, new technology for DNA sequencing requires to be introduced in forensic field.