Intensive study for evaluation and establishment of DNA identity in criminal justice.

刑事司法中 DNA 身份评估和建立的深入研究。

• 批准号: 06304029
• 负责人: HARADA Shoji
• 金额: $ 3.97万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06304029/
• 关键词: Human specific DNA; Y-Chromosome specific DNA; Microsatellite DNA; Minisatellite DNA; MVR-PCR; Tandem repeats; Heterozeigosity; DNA Profiling; Y-chromosome specific DNA; Tandem Repeats

It provides important information for forensic DNA profiling to evaluate technology relating DNA analysis, forensic application of DNA polymorphic loci such as STR and RFLP,data base and biostatistical analysis, legal and ethical aspects of DNA test. In these aspects, we made intensive study concerning diagnosis of human specific region, sex typing and individual indentification from forensic materials. Also symposium and meetings were held in the period of research project.1) For determination of genetic uniqueness of individual species, human specific DNA region (HSS) were analyzed using PCR method for forensic materials (saliva, sperms, blood stains, hairs, tissues, bones and tooth). It was confirmed that HSS region was detected only in human genomes involving Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid, and was absent in non-human primates.2) DXZ 4 and SPY genes were examined to ascertain the feasibility of a sex-typing procedure using PCR.The DXZ 4 amplification could detect the 80bp fragment from female DNA.The SPY probe identified a male-specific sequence on chromosome Y.3) Individual identification from forensic blood samples were performed for MCT118, ACTBP2, FGA,D8S320, D11S488, TH01 and D16S537 loci using PCR and relating technology. Allelic frequencies of these loci were obtained from 200-300 Japanese population. In addition, microsatellite variant repeat (MVR) mapping using PCR at D1S8 (MS32) was applied to a practical cases.4) DNA sequence data for DNA profiling of forensic materials using STR systems are necessary and quality assurance guidances must be established in Japan. In addition, new technology for DNA sequencing requires to be introduced in forensic field.

它为法医DNA分析、DNA多态性位点（STR和RFLP）的法医应用、数据库和生物统计分析、DNA检测的法律和伦理方面提供了重要的信息。在这些方面，我们对人类特异区域的诊断、性别分型和法医鉴定进行了深入的研究。在研究项目期间还举行了专题讨论会和会议。1)为确定单个物种的遗传独特性，采用PCR方法对法医材料（唾液、精子、血迹、毛发、组织、骨骼和牙齿）进行人类特异性DNA区（HSS）分析。结果表明，HSS区域仅存在于蒙古人种、高加索人种和黑种人的人类基因组中，而在非人灵长类中不存在。2)对dxz4和SPY基因进行检测，确定PCR分型方法的可行性。dxz4扩增可检测到来自女性DNA的80bp片段。SPY探针在y染色体上鉴定出男性特异性序列。3)法医血样中MCT118、ACTBP2、FGA、D8S320、D11S488、TH01和D16S537位点采用PCR及相关技术进行个体鉴定。从200 ~ 300个日本人群中获得了这些位点的等位基因频率。此外，将PCR技术应用于D1S8 （MS32）位点的微卫星变异重复序列（MVR）定位。4)使用STR系统对法医材料进行DNA分析需要DNA序列数据，必须在日本建立质量保证指南。此外，新的DNA测序技术也需要引入法医领域。

项目成果

Watanabe, Y.et al.: "Short tandem repeat polymorphism in Japanese macaques : their short repeat length and low informativeness." Mamm.Genome. (in press). (1996)

Watanabe, Y.等人：“日本猕猴的短串联重复多态性：重复长度短且信息量低。”

Takahashi, M.et al.: "Human cell line identification based on DIS80 and HLA DQA genotyping by the PCR-amplification of alleles." Tiss.Cult.Res.Commun.14. 103-107 (1995)

Takahashi, M.et al.：“通过等位基因 PCR 扩增，基于 DIS80 和 HLA DQA 基因分型进行人类细胞系鉴定。”

Kurosaki, K.et al.: "Sequence variation found in the flanking regionof a trimeric short tandem repeat at the PLA2 locus : its considerable effect on estimating alleles." Jpn.J.Legal Med.50 (in press). (1996)

Kurosaki, K.等人：“在 PLA2 基因座三聚体短串联重复序列的侧翼区域发现序列变异：它对估计等位基因有相当大的影响。”

Harada S, et al.: "Polymorphism of pentanucleotide repeats in the 5′ flanking region of glutathione S-transferase (GST) π gene." Hum Genet. 93. 223-224 (1994)

Harada S 等人：“谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) π 基因 5 侧翼区域中五核苷酸重复的多态性”Hum Genet。

A. Tsuchikane, et al.: "Allelic Frequency Distribution of the COL2Al Locus in the Japanese Population." Res. Pract.Forens. Med.38. 17-19 (1995)

A. Tsuchikane 等人：“日本人群中 COL2Al 基因座的等位基因频率分布”。