Application of New Genetic Markers on Proteins, Enzymes and DNA to Forensic Medicine.

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l. Application of Genetic Markers on DNAGenetic palymorphism detected by using different probes were applied to paternity testing of the family in dispute to obtain the data base in Japan. The probes pYNZ22, pYN22, MR24/1, 3'-Globin, Mucin and Ha-ras were used to detect the single locus DNA polymorphism. It was found by the statistical analysis that these probes supply very useful information for paternity testing. Moreover, VNTR of 5'-flanking region of GST pi gene showed a high heterozigosity (83.3%) in Japanese using PCR technology.An efficient method for isolating DNA from the forensic samples such as blood stains, bones and tissues were established to make individual identification. The isolated DNA samples were subjected to PCR for identifying VNTR on MCT 118 and ApoB and it was confirmed that these markers are very effective for forensic analysis. Also, pYNH24 probe was informative in the bone and tissue analysis. DNA fingerprinting detected by the single and multi loci probes was applied to testing in paternity cases in Japan.2. Genetic Markers of Proteins and Enzymes.We focused the serum proteins which have not yet studied in Japanese, although high polymorphisms have been reported in Caucasoid. The data concerning ZAG, IF, ORM, AHSG, Factor B have been obtainedin our country as well as in other Asian population, in addition to the racial differences of gene frequencies of these serum proteins. Moreover, Factor I, DR and Factor H were found to be useful markers for paternity testing.Genetic analysis of saliva amylase variants has been done including the study of the difference among human and non-human primates. LDH isozyme pattern of the injured body was investigated from aspect of forensic analysis.