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Land Allotment System in Asia

亚洲的土地分配制度

基本信息

批准号：
06401009
负责人：
SATAKE Yasuhiko
金额：
$ 5.7万
依托单位：
TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This investigation deals with the allotment system of land in Asia. The conception of the allotment of land is not so clearly defined in geography in Japan. They deals with the European allotment system through the same method as is used in analizing the Asian system. But the typical allotment of land in Europe is based upon the neccesity of rotation of crops, and the shape of the field is not permanent but varies every season. While the shape of cultivated land in Asia does not change for many years because it is based upon the irrigation system.So we devide the allotment ststem of land into two types. One is seen in Europe and India where they raise miscel laneous cereals on dry land and the other is seen in Asia where people raises foxtail millet and rice through irrigation system.There is a great difference between the irrigation system for millet and for that of rice. In the case of millet, water is not needed to stay, so that levelation of water is not needed here. Thus the piece … More of the field is usually very large and is in regular size. While the levelation of water is the basic need for rice raising. Thus the shape of the cultivated land in rice raising area is not regular and its size is always very small so that the system is often called gardening.Millet raising system in the large regular field is seen in north China. Its original type is so called wellland system. We analyzed the modern map through Fourier Analysis and found the field was devided into about 111meters by the path. Notorius Shang-yang changed this intervals into about 333 meters and we can still observe this intervals now though small change has been caused through the disturbances of many centuries.This regularity was realyzed through the concentration of large mass of labor and its regular arrangement by the state. This is the hidden base of agressive power held in the dynasties in north China. Ancient state of Korea and Japan also adopted this system though the agricultural system here does not require this system. They adopted this system mainly because it does help their concentration of power of the state goverment. This is also the hidden base of the premature development of the ancient state of Korea and Japan. Less

本文研究的是亚洲的土地分配制度。在日本，土地分配的概念在地理学上没有如此明确的定义。他们用分析亚洲制度所用的同样方法来处理欧洲的分配制度。但是欧洲典型的土地分配是以轮作为基础的，土地的形状不是永久的，而是随着季节的变化而变化的。而亚洲的耕地形态多年不变，是以灌溉制度为基础的，因此我们将土地分配制度分为两种类型。一种是在欧洲和印度，人们在旱地上种植杂粮，另一种是在亚洲，人们通过灌溉系统种植谷子和水稻，谷子的灌溉系统和水稻的灌溉系统有很大的不同。在小米的情况下，不需要水停留，所以这里不需要水的提升。因此， ...更多信息字段的大小通常很大，并且是规则的大小。而水分的保持是水稻生产的基本要求。因此，稻作区的耕地形状不规则，面积往往很小，常称之为“园艺”，我国北方常见的是大面积规则田的谷子栽培系统。它的原始类型是所谓的韦兰系统。我们用傅立叶分析法对近代地图进行了分析，发现田间被道路分割为111米左右，商鞅将这一间隔修改为333米左右，虽然经过几个世纪的干扰，这一间隔发生了很小的变化，但我们现在仍然可以观察到这一间隔，这一规律性是通过大量劳动力的集中和国家对劳动力的定期安排来实现的。这是中国北方历代王朝掌握侵略权的隐蔽基地。古代朝鲜和日本也采用了这种制度，尽管这里的农业制度不需要这种制度。他们采用这种制度主要是因为它有助于他们集中国家政府的权力。这也是朝鲜和日本古代国家过早发展的隐藏基础。少