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FACTORS DETERMINING THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN WILD ANIMALS -FROM A VIEWPOINT OF COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY-

决定野生动物体内重金属积累的因素——从比较生物学的角度来看——

基本信息

批准号：
06405006
负责人：
TATSUKAWA Ryo
金额：
$ 7.68万
依托单位：
EHIME UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present study aimed at making clear the body distribution, age- and sex-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in wild animals with various biological processes, and also at understanding the factors to determine those behavior and accumulation from a viewpoint of comparative biology. The following results were obtained in the period of 1994 and 1995 :1) The concentrations of essential elements in the body of wild animals were generally varied less in various biological processes due to the homeostasis when compared with non-essential elements. However, there found some exceptions in the inherent ecology and physiology of animal species. For example, it was noted that Fe concentrations in the liver of pinnipeds and cetaceans greatly varied according to the diving-capacity.2) On the other hand, concentrations of non-essential elements were found to be variable in the different biological processes. The greatest factor for this variation were arisen from the exposure to elements such … More as Hg and Cd which were retained greater in marime higher animals rather than terrestrial species. These toxic elements were retained greater in longer life organisms with age-dependent accumulation, but not so prominent in their transfer in the reproductive processes such as the breeding and lactating. Hg elimination was common in the process of molting, but Cd was a deal less. In case of Cd, the binding with metallothionein were likely to determine its variable residue level and toxic effects in wild animals.3) Organometallic compounds, paricularly Hg and Sn were also examined in wild animals. It was interestingly observed that open ocean waterbirds like albatross accumulated Hg with extraordinalily high concentrations. These species of seabirds were inferred to lose less Hg due to smaller frequency of molting and smaller capacity to metabolize the organic Hg into inorganic form. However, toxic effects of Hg have not been in these waterbirds, probably due to the detoxication by Se which was found with corresponding levels as Hg in their bodies. At the same time, the present study first detected butyltin compounds in marine mammals and waterbirds, and made clear the global dispersion of their contamination in the marine environment. Less

本研究的目的是从比较生物学的角度，阐明重金属在野生动物体内的分布规律、年龄和性别对重金属积累的影响，以及影响其行为和积累的因素。1994~1995年的研究结果表明：（1）野生动物体内必需元素的含量与非必需元素相比，在各种生物学过程中，由于体内平衡的原因，其含量变化一般较小。然而，在动物物种的固有生态和生理中也发现了一些例外。例如，鳍足类和鲸目动物肝脏中的Fe含量随潜水能力的不同而变化很大。2）非必需元素的含量在不同的生物过程中也是变化的。造成这种变化的最大因素是暴露于诸如 ...更多信息 Hg和Cd在海洋高等动物体内的滞留量大于陆生动物。这些有毒元素在寿命较长的生物体中保留更多，并具有年龄依赖性积累，但在繁殖和哺乳等生殖过程中的转移并不突出。汞在蜕皮过程中被大量排出，而镉则相对较少，镉与金属硫蛋白的结合可能决定了其在野生动物体内的残留水平和毒性效应。有趣的是，观察到信天翁等公海水鸟积累的汞浓度非常高。据推测，这些种类的海鸟由于蜕皮频率较低，将有机汞代谢为无机形式的能力较弱，因此汞流失较少。然而，汞对这些水鸟没有毒性作用，这可能是由于硒的解毒作用，硒在它们体内的含量与汞相当。与此同时，本研究首次在海洋哺乳动物和水鸟体内检测到丁基锡化合物，并明确了其污染在海洋环境中的全球扩散。少