Historical Study for the Pre-modern Metallurgy in Hokkaido (Ezo-chi).

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We studied metallurgical materials of Yukanbosi C2 site in Chitose city (Ainu culture), Katuyama fort in Kaminokuni town (medival), and carried field survey for "Tatara" smelting sites in the southern part of Hokkaido and the nothern tip of Honshu.Based on this study we could make clear the points as follows :1. High carbon unfinished iron material lumps "dzuku" and uniform ingot iron "tetsutei" with lower carbon materials were imported in Hokkaido ("Ezo-chi") at least in the medival period.2. Decarbonaizing "dzuku" the black smith made up steel and combined with lower carbon iron "tetsutei".3. Iron smelting operation was started as early as in initial Edo period or even in medival period in Hokkaido ("Ezo-chi").