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Water dynamics in crop plants under environmental stress conditions

环境胁迫条件下农作物的水动态

基本信息

批准号：
06454109
负责人：
SAKURATANI Tetsuo
金额：
$ 3.26万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06454109/
关键词：
stem heat balance method transpiration stream water stress sap flow sensor water dynamics Sesbania Rostrata チェリモヤマンゴ-水流量センサーストレス土壌水分水分生理

项目摘要

Water dynamics including reverse flow in crop plants under environmental stress conditions was examined using heat balance sap flow method. Sesbania rostrata, mango (cv.Irwin) and apple (cv.Splendor) were used for this study. The results are summarized as follows :1.Heat balance sap flow sensor was redesigned for measuring sap flow in roots and peduncles of plants.2.In Sesbania rostrata if part of root zone dries and as a result the roots become inactive, a decrease in daytime water uptake by the "dry" roots can be compensated by "wet" roots. Reverse flow in the dry root was directly observed at night using the sap flow sensor.3.It was suggested that new roots grew rapidly in the wet root zone during soil drying in the dry root zone and the wet roots became more active in its uptake of water.4.Mango flowers were supplied substantial water early in the morning ascribed to stored water in the stem. In the peduncle of mango fruit, reverse flow which refers to the movement of water from fruit to shoot was observed in the morning. Water flew into fruit in the nighttime.5.There was little time lag between sap flow in the trunk and the root of the apple tree, suggesting a high hydraulic conductivity between them. In apple tree, it appeared here in our experiment that the main storage element of the apple tree was the crown.Our study provided deeper understanding of water dynamics in the crop plants which is needed to develop technologies for using the ability of crop to reduce its water stress and for more efficient management for sustainable use of water on agricultural land, and to produce fruits of better quality.

采用热平衡法研究了环境胁迫条件下作物体内水分动态及逆向流动。本研究以长喙田菁、芒果（品种欧文）和苹果（品种辉煌）为材料。主要研究结果如下：1.重新设计了热平衡液流传感器，用于测量植物根和花梗的液流; 2.在长喙田菁中，如果部分根区干燥，导致根系失去活性，“干”根白天吸水量的减少可以被“湿”根所补偿。结果表明：干根区土壤干燥后，湿根区新根生长迅速，湿根吸收水分的能力增强; 4.芒果花在清晨获得充足的水分供应，这主要是由于茎中的贮水。在芒果果梗中，早晨观察到水分从果实向枝梢的逆向流动。5.苹果树树干液流与根系液流之间的时间差很小，说明树干液流与根系液流之间具有较高的导水率。在苹果树中，在我们的实验中，它出现在这里，苹果树的主要存储元素是树冠。我们的研究提供了更深入的了解作物植物中的水分动态，这是需要开发技术，利用作物的能力，以减少其水分胁迫和更有效的管理，可持续利用农业土地上的水，并生产更好的水果质量。