CULTIVATION OF BROWN ROT FUNGI IN FOREST

为发展食用菌软木栽培，进行了以下试验；(1)从野生平菇和松茸子实体中分离菌株，(2)同工酶分析对菌株进行分类，(3)利用生物反应器进行液体培养，(4)在含有米脑和树枝、树桩或原木的糖木粉中培养木质基质，(5)腐木化学分析和(6)子实体发生的环境条件分析，从而从各自的蘑菇种中分离出7个菌株。子实体抽提物的酯酶同工酶分析为菌株鉴定提供了可能。采用双反应器液体培养方法，实现了种子菌丝的规模化生产。试验表明，糖木粉与米粉混合制成糖木粉和糖木粉本身作为松茸菌丝生长的基质是适宜的。但子实体的形成只有松子成功，Sugi-Hiratak不成功。Sugi-Hiratak在实验室条件下，子实体原基已形成，但不能长成子实体。另一方面，原木栽培试验表明，松茸菌丝体容易生长，而松茸菌丝体的生长受到木霉菌等污染的抑制，在实验室条件下不能获得松茸菌子实体的形成，但将原木放入野生松材线虫发生的杉木森林中，菌丝充分伸展的原木才能形成子实体。目前，杉木林的环境是糖菇形成的必要条件，尤其是湿度、温度和地表光照条件。

In order to develope the edible mushroom cultivation with softwood medium, the following experiments were done ; (1) isolation of strains from wild mushroom fruit body of SUGI-HIRATAKE and MATSU-OZI, (2) classification of the strains by isozyme analysis, (3) larger scale production of strain in liquid medium by bio-reactor, (4) woody media cultivations in sugi wood powders containing rice brain, as well as branches, stumps or logs, (5) chemical analysis of the rot woods and (6) analysis of environmental condition on occurrence of fruit body.As the results, it was established that seven strains from respective mushroom species were isolated. Identification of strains was possible by esterase isozyme analysis of fruit body extractives. Larger scale production of seed hypha was completed by liquid culture using bi-oreactor. Experiments indicated that SUGI wood powders mixed with rice brain for SUGI-HIRATAKE and SUGI wood powders itself for MATSU-OZI were suitable as the media for the growth of mycelium. However formation of fruit body succeeded only for MATSU-OZI but unsuccessful for SUGI-HIRATAKE.In case of SUGI-HIRATAKE,primordia of fruit body occurred but did not grow to fruit body in the laboratory. On the other hand, the cultivation experiment using logs showed SUGI-HIRATAKE mycelium grow readily but growth of MATSU-OZI mycelium was inhibited by the contamination with Trichoderma etc. Fruit body formation of SUGI-HIRATAKE was unattainable in the laboratory but it attained at last when the logs, of which mycelium fully extended, were placed in the SUGI forest where wild SUGI-HIRATAKE occurred. Environment of SUGI forest was essential at present, especially moisture, temperature and irradiation at the ground surface for formation of SUGI-HIRATAKE mushroom.