Establishment of clonal preadipose cell line from bovine adipose tissue

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The information on the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte would be useful for the control of fat deposition in beef cattle. We have tried in the present study to establish a clonal cell line of preadipocyte from bovine adipose tissue. In addition, adipogenic or antiadipogenic effect of some nutrients or synthetic compounds on bovine preadipocytes were investigated using primary culture system.Several adipose tissues from calves and intramuscular adipose tissues from adult cattle were used as sources of cells to be cloned because such immature tissues would retain many undifferentiated preadipose cells. Differential trypsinization method and differential cell adhesion method were adopted for selective recovery of preadipocytes. However, we could not find any available clones which maintain preadipose phenotype for generations.In primary culture, the presence of fetal calf serum in culture medium prevented adipose conversion of bovine preadipocytes. Vitamin C accelerated adipocyte differentiation in serum-free condition. A thiazolidinedione, which is an artificial ligand for murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, powerfully induced adipocyte differentiation of bovine preadipocytes in primary culture. Retinoids blocked this effect. These results suggest the presence of functional PPAR and retinoid receptor in bovine preadipocyte. In addition, these in vitro observations imply that vitamin A usually suppresses adipocyte differentiation in adipose tissue of beef cattle in vivo and that low vitamin A status may favor adipocyte differentiation and thus the development of beef marbling. However, such nutritional stress on commercial beef cattle would not be recommended for economical and ethical reasons. More reliable and acceptable methods for producing highly marbled beef are to be established, which could be achieved through the clarification of the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation in bovine muscle tissue.