Habitat selection and bird community in a mature beech forest

成熟山毛榉林的栖息地选择和鸟类群落

• 批准号: 06640823
• 负责人: EZAKI Yasuo
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Himeji Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06640823/
• 关键词: bird community; habitat selection; imdividual; beech forest; territory; cavity-nesting; gap; snow-melting; 相互作用

A study plot of 10ha was set up in a mature beech forest at Kaya-no-daira in north-eastern part of Nagano Prefecture. Birds were captured and color-banded for individual identification. I collected data on breeding performances of birds starting from territory establishment in May to fledging of the latest young in July for three years, with all other kinds of behavioral data including foraging and interactions. As the plot is covered with deep snow during winter, only small portion of breeding bird species (mainly cavity-nesters) winter there. The wintering species, e.g.Parus ater, P.major, Dendrocopos major, Sitta europaea, however, dominated in the breeding community. Two other abundant species (summer visitors) were Ficedula narcissina and Emberiza variabilis. The former is a cavity-nester and the latter is a nester in sasa-bush. The abundant six species formed territories all over the plot, while some other species, e.g.Cettia diphone, E.spodocephala, had territories confined to t … More he forest-edge and canopy gaps, which suggests that canopy gaps supplied edge-dwelling species with breeding habitats within the forest. Some males of the six abundant species formed territories in the plot for more than a year. In these cases, the positions of the territories of a male were almost the same between years, suggesting that individual males could select habitats on the Principle 'settle where you bred before.'The six abundant species were generally segregated vertically in their foraging positions. But this segregation collapsed with snow-melting and foliation in mid-May ; all the species shifted their foraging sites to the foliage and repeatedly attacked leaves of beech. This shift is probably related to the flush of leaf-eating insects at this period, and suggests the existence of an important process determining the bird community structure during the severe, food-poor period before snow-melting. Existence of interspecific competition between cavity-nesters for nest-cavities was also suggested. Less

在长野县东北部Kaya-no-daira的成熟山毛榉林中建立了一个10公顷的研究地块。鸟类被捕获并贴上彩色条纹以进行个体识别。我收集了鸟类从5月份建立领地到7月份最新雏鸟羽化的三年繁殖表现数据，以及其他各种行为数据，包括觅食和互动。由于该地块在冬季被厚厚的积雪覆盖，只有一小部分繁殖鸟类（主要是洞巢鸟）在那里过冬。在繁殖群落中，冬栖种主要为白鹭（parus ater）、白鹭（p.a major）、白鹭（Dendrocopos major）和木犀（Sitta europaea）。另外两种丰富的夏季候鸟种是水仙Ficedula narcissina和Emberiza variabilis。前者是洞巢，后者是莎莎树丛中的巢。其中6种的领地分布在整个样地，而其他一些种（如cettia diphone、E.spodocephala）的领地分布在林缘和林隙范围内，说明林隙为林缘物种提供了良好的繁殖生境。6种数量丰富的雄蚁在该地块上形成领地长达一年以上。在这些情况下，雄性领地的位置在不同年份之间几乎是相同的，这表明雄性个体可以根据“定居在你以前繁殖的地方”的原则选择栖息地。6个丰富的物种在其觅食位置上通常是垂直分离的。但五月中旬，这种隔离随着融雪和叶化而瓦解；所有物种都将觅食地点转移到树叶上，并反复攻击山毛榉的叶子。这种转变可能与这一时期食叶昆虫的大量繁殖有关，并表明在融雪前严重的食物匮乏时期，存在一个决定鸟类群落结构的重要过程。巢巢巢巢之间存在着种间竞争。少

项目成果

堀田 昌伸, 江崎 保男, 馬場 隆: "長野県北部のブナ林とカラマツ林における繁殖期の鳥類群集の比較" 長野県自然保護研究所紀要. 1. ((印刷中))

Masanobu Hotta，Yasuo Ezaki，Takashi Baba：“长野县北部山毛榉林和落叶松林繁殖季节鸟类群落的比较”长野县自然保护研究所通报1。（（正在出版））

Hotta, M., Ezaki, Y.and Banba, T.: "Breeding bird communities in a beech forest and a larch plantation in northern Nagano." Bulletin of Institute of Nature Conservation, Nagano 1. (in press).

Hotta, M.、Ezaki, Y. 和 Banba, T.：“在长野北部的山毛榉林和落叶松种植园中繁殖鸟类群落。”