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Effects of heavymetal accumulationin apple orchard surfacesoils on the transformation processes of organic matter

苹果园表层土壤重金属积累对有机质转化过程的影响

基本信息

批准号：
06660070
负责人：
AOYAMA Masakazu
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660070/
关键词：
Heavy metals Apple orchard soil Plant residue decomposition Microbial biomass Microbial activity Copper Lead Arsenic 土壌リンゴ園有機物微生物バイオマス

项目摘要

The effects of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, As) accumulated in apple orchard surface soils associated with the continuous application of metal-based pesticides on the decomposition of plant residue and the size and activity of the microbial biomass were assessed. The results obtained were as follows :1.The heavy metals accumulatedin apple orchard soils did not inhibit the decomposition of fresh plant residues, while inhibited considerably the decomposition of humified plant residues.2.The heavy metals accumulated in apple orchard soils reduced the proportion of the microbial biomass in the soil organic matter and, further, increased the proportion of fungal biomass in the total microbial biomass.3.The dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration measured as indications of microbial activity were reduced in the presence of heavy metals, when expressed on a soil organic matter basis.4.The toxicity of the heavy metals accumulated in apple orchard soils was in the order of Cu>>Pb>As with respect to the plant residue decomposition, microbial biomass, and microbial activity.5.The plant residue decomposition and microbial activity were adversely affected by the water-soluble and exchangeable Cu whose amount depended on the soil pH,whereas the microbial biomass by the slightly soluble heavy metals accumulated in apple orchard surface soils.

研究了连续使用金属基农药对苹果园土壤中重金属(铜、铅、砷)的积累对植物残体分解及微生物生物量大小和活性的影响。结果表明：1.苹果园土壤中积累的重金属不能抑制新鲜植物残体的分解，但对腐殖化植物残体的分解有较大的抑制作用。2.苹果园土壤中积累的重金属降低了微生物生物量在土壤有机质中的比例，进而增加了真菌生物量在总微生物量中的比例。3.在土壤有机质基础上，作为微生物活性指标的脱氢酶活性和土壤呼吸作用都降低了。4.苹果园土壤中积累的重金属的毒性大小依次为CuGT；GT；植物残体的分解、微生物生物量和微生物活性与土壤pH有关。5.土壤中水溶性和交换性铜对植物残体的分解和微生物活性有不利影响，而苹果园表层土壤中微溶重金属对微生物生物量的影响较小。