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Reseach on Speech Communities IN China through AV Materials rough AV Materials

通过视听材料研究中国的言语社区粗略的视听材料

基本信息

批准号：
07045004
负责人：
YORIFUJI Atsushi
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Foreigh Studuies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The reformatin of political and economic systems of China in recent years have also brought huge changes to verbal behaviors of the Chinese. In this three-year research project mainly carried out in Beijing and Shanghai, we have investigated changes in forms of address, terms used in commercial activities and verbal expressions in everyday life.As for forms of address, we pointed out following facts : tongzhi or "comrade", which has benn the most common form of address in China, is now less and less used and being substiuted by titles of respect such as xiansheng or "Mr.", and xiaojie or "Miss", by words which denotes kinfolks such as ayi or "aunt" and by words which have not been used to address others so far such as pengyou or "friend".On terms used in commercial activities, it should be noted that the influence of the developed countries and revival of traditional usage are remarkable.Along with rising of the standard of living, coffee shops, beauty parlors, flower shops, etc., are becoming popular in urban life, and many shopkeepers tend to use ting or "hall"and wu or "house"for novelty to name their shops.Words which have once disappeared in the communist country such as zhaozu or "For Rent"and gufen youxian gongsi or "company limited"have now appeared again. Loan words from Japanese such as yingyezhong or "Now Open"were introduced through south China and are spreading over the whole country.As for verbal expressions used in everyday life, we focused on collecting colloquial ones actually used in common Chinese families, to which little attention have paid in Japan so far. To take clothing of new types recently introduced from the western countries for instance, how the Chinese usually call them cannot be known easily only from their formal names seen in the catalogsThe project resulted in four publications and a paper on the subject which can be utilizede in the fields of education and study of Chinese language in Japan.

近年来中国政治、经济体制的改革也给中国人的言语行为带来了巨大的变化。在这项为期三年的研究项目中，我们主要在北京和上海进行，调查了称呼语、商业活动中使用的术语和日常生活中的口头表达的变化。同志是中国最常见的称呼，“先生”的使用越来越少，取而代之的是“先生”、“先生”等尊称。“、小姐”、“阿姨”、“朋友”、“朋友”等。等等，在都市生活中，“租”、“租”、“股份有限公司”等新奇消失的名词，如今又重新出现。日语中的外来词，如“营业中”、“现在开“等，是从中国南方传入日本并在全国范围内传播的。至于日常生活中使用的口语表达，我们主要收集了中国普通家庭中实际使用的口语表达，这是日本至今很少关注的。以近年来从西方引进的新式服装为例，中国人通常如何称呼它们，仅从目录上的正式名称是不容易知道的。