Reseach on Speech Communities IN China through AV Materials rough AV Materials

中国近年来的政治经济体制改革也给中国人的言语行为带来了巨大的变化。在这个为期三年的研究项目中，我们主要在北京和上海进行了调查，调查了称谓、商业活动中的用语和日常生活中的言语表达的变化。关于称谓，我们指出了以下事实：在中国中最常见的称谓--同志，现在越来越少使用，取而代之的是鲜生或先生，小节或小姐等尊称，用来表示亲戚的词语，如阿姨或阿姨，以及到目前为止还没有用来称呼他人的词语，如鹏友或朋友。在商业活动中使用的术语，应该注意到，发达国家的影响和传统用法的复兴是显著的。随着生活水平的提高，咖啡馆、美容院、花店等在城市生活中变得流行起来，许多店主在给店铺命名时倾向于用厅或厅，或屋或屋来表示新奇。曾经在这个共产主义国家消失的词，如赵组或“租”，古芬有先贡斯或“有限公司”现在又出现了。日语借词如“应业中”或“现在开放”等，是通过中国南下传入全国的。至于日常生活中的口语表达，我们重点收集了中国普通家庭中实际使用的口语表达，这在日本到目前为止还很少引起注意。以最近从西方国家引进的新型服装为例，仅从目录上看到的正式名称就不容易知道中国人通常是如何称呼它们的。该项目产生了四本关于这一主题的出版物和一篇论文，可用于日本的汉语教育和研究领域。

The reformatin of political and economic systems of China in recent years have also brought huge changes to verbal behaviors of the Chinese. In this three-year research project mainly carried out in Beijing and Shanghai, we have investigated changes in forms of address, terms used in commercial activities and verbal expressions in everyday life.As for forms of address, we pointed out following facts : tongzhi or "comrade", which has benn the most common form of address in China, is now less and less used and being substiuted by titles of respect such as xiansheng or "Mr.", and xiaojie or "Miss", by words which denotes kinfolks such as ayi or "aunt" and by words which have not been used to address others so far such as pengyou or "friend".On terms used in commercial activities, it should be noted that the influence of the developed countries and revival of traditional usage are remarkable.Along with rising of the standard of living, coffee shops, beauty parlors, flower shops, etc., are becoming popular in urban life, and many shopkeepers tend to use ting or "hall"and wu or "house"for novelty to name their shops.Words which have once disappeared in the communist country such as zhaozu or "For Rent"and gufen youxian gongsi or "company limited"have now appeared again. Loan words from Japanese such as yingyezhong or "Now Open"were introduced through south China and are spreading over the whole country.As for verbal expressions used in everyday life, we focused on collecting colloquial ones actually used in common Chinese families, to which little attention have paid in Japan so far. To take clothing of new types recently introduced from the western countries for instance, how the Chinese usually call them cannot be known easily only from their formal names seen in the catalogsThe project resulted in four publications and a paper on the subject which can be utilizede in the fields of education and study of Chinese language in Japan.