Reseach on Speech Communities IN China through AV Materials rough AV Materials

近年来中国政治经济体制的改革也给中国人的语言行为带来了巨大的变化。在这个主要在北京和上海进行的为期三年的研究项目中，我们调查了称呼形式的变化，商业活动中使用的术语和日常生活中的口头表达。至于称呼方式，我们指出了以下事实：“同志”，在中国是最常用的称呼方式，现在越来越少使用，取而代之的是尊敬的称呼，如“先生”、“先生”、“小姐”，代之以亲戚的称呼，如“阿姨”、“阿姨”，以及迄今为止还没有用来称呼别人的称呼，如“朋友”。关于商业活动中使用的术语，应该指出，发达国家的影响和传统用法的复兴是显著的。随着生活水平的提高，咖啡店、美容院、花店等在城市生活中越来越受欢迎，许多店主倾向于用“亭”或“堂”、“屋”等新奇的名字来命名他们的商店。曾经在共产主义国家消失的词汇，如“租房”和“公司有限公司”，现在又出现了。“应业中”或“现在开放”等日语外来词通过南方传入中国，并在全国范围内传播。对于日常生活中使用的口头表达，我们重点收集了中国普通家庭实际使用的口语化表达，这在日本目前还很少受到关注。以最近从西方引进的新型服装为例，中国人通常如何称呼它们，仅从目录中看到的正式名称是不容易知道的。该项目产生了四篇关于该主题的出版物和一篇论文，可用于日本的汉语教育和研究领域。

The reformatin of political and economic systems of China in recent years have also brought huge changes to verbal behaviors of the Chinese. In this three-year research project mainly carried out in Beijing and Shanghai, we have investigated changes in forms of address, terms used in commercial activities and verbal expressions in everyday life.As for forms of address, we pointed out following facts : tongzhi or "comrade", which has benn the most common form of address in China, is now less and less used and being substiuted by titles of respect such as xiansheng or "Mr.", and xiaojie or "Miss", by words which denotes kinfolks such as ayi or "aunt" and by words which have not been used to address others so far such as pengyou or "friend".On terms used in commercial activities, it should be noted that the influence of the developed countries and revival of traditional usage are remarkable.Along with rising of the standard of living, coffee shops, beauty parlors, flower shops, etc., are becoming popular in urban life, and many shopkeepers tend to use ting or "hall"and wu or "house"for novelty to name their shops.Words which have once disappeared in the communist country such as zhaozu or "For Rent"and gufen youxian gongsi or "company limited"have now appeared again. Loan words from Japanese such as yingyezhong or "Now Open"were introduced through south China and are spreading over the whole country.As for verbal expressions used in everyday life, we focused on collecting colloquial ones actually used in common Chinese families, to which little attention have paid in Japan so far. To take clothing of new types recently introduced from the western countries for instance, how the Chinese usually call them cannot be known easily only from their formal names seen in the catalogsThe project resulted in four publications and a paper on the subject which can be utilizede in the fields of education and study of Chinese language in Japan.