Morphological and genetic studies on human skeletal remains of the Nansei islands

我们可以将我们从形态、遗传和生态研究中获得的关于南塞岛居民的研究结果整合两次(第一次在千叶，第二次在冲绳)。此外，DOI和MINE还从Amami和冲绳群岛收集了骨骼样本，用于mtDNA分析。这些骨骼标本的线粒体DNA分析正在国立遗传研究所进行。迄今的结果总结如下：&lt；骨骼形态&gt；1)发现古代冲绳人与谷儿岛人和Amami Yayoi人有一些骨骼特征相似。他们的特点是头骨小，头骨过短，面部较短。2)冲绳岛和海南岛都发现了骨骼形态的长期变化。3)被普遍认为与阿伊努人关系密切的现代南洋岛民具有独特的形态特征。通过对5个东亚人群(日本大陆人、日本人、冲绳人、韩国人和中国人)的mtDNA分析，支持了现代日语起源的杂交理论。此外，尽管阿伊努人和冲绳人彼此有一些遗传上的亲缘关系，但当弥生开始迁徙时，他们被认为是作为不同的种群而存在的。从冲绳群岛上居住地点的数量来看，冲绳群岛的成功殖民只发生在中柔门晚期或晚期柔门晚期的早期，而不是在这之前。

We could integrate our findings obtained from morphological, genetic and ecological studies about the Nansei islanders twice (1st at Chiba and 2nd at Okinawa). In addition, Doi and Mine collected skeletal samples from the Amami and Okinawa islands for mtDNA analysis. mtDNA analyzes of these skeletal samples are proceeding at National Institute of Genetics.The results obtained up to the present were summarized as follows :<Skeletal morphology>1) The ancient Okinawans were revealed to share some skeletal features with the Tanegashima and Amami Yayoi peoples. They were characterized by small cranial size, hyperbrachycrany and shorter face.2) Significant secular changes in skeletal morphology were found both in the Okinawa and Amami islands.3) The modern Nansei islanders, generally considered to have close affinity to the Ainu, were revealed to have unique morphological characteristics. They were clearly discriminated from the Ainu by flat face.<mtDNA>The analyzes of mtDNA from five East Asian populations (mainland Japanese, Ainu, Okinawans, Koreans, and Chinese) lend support to the hybridization theory on the origin of modern Japanese. Furthermore, the Ainu and Okinawans, though they shared some genetic affinity with each other, were thought to have existed as different populations when the Yayoi migration began to take place.<Prehistory>The number of habitation sites in the Okinawa islands indicated that successful colonization of the island took place only during the later part of the Middle Jomon or the earlier part of the Late Jomon, but not prior to this time.