The Problem of Conscience in the History of Western Ethical Thought

LE今年有以下两个研究主题。接手我们到去年为止对良知理论的单独研究，考察现代和现代哲学中的良知理论。考察我们以往关于良知理论的思想史研究，并在此基础上，思考良知概念在现代伦理体系和伦理思辨中的意义。每个具体结果如下：1。对于现代哲学中良知理论的考察，学者佐藤提出了理解康德与黑格尔在德国唯心主义良知理论上的统一关系的观点。研究支持者Seiriki对英国经验主义道德学派的认识论与道德情感的关系进行了探讨。至于对当代哲学中良知理论的审视，汤浅。一位研究共享者进行了这项研究，试图确认尼采的S良知理论是弗洛伊德精神分析良知理论的主导理论。研究的支持者安川对弗洛伊德的S理论中的良知进行了研究。而作为研究支持者的林则思考了良心的意义和作用，论证了生命伦理学的一些具体问题(如胎儿的诊断技术问题或人工流产问题)。关于良知概念在伦理体系和伦理思辨中的意义，所有研究者都一致认为，我们既不应将良知仅仅作为一种主观原则，也不应轻视良知理论，相反，我们需要积极地将良知现象作为启动伦理思辨的逻辑前提。

le have the following two research themes this year.1. To take over the separate studies on the theories of conscience which we had conducted till last year and examine the theories of conscience in the modern and the present-day philosophy.2. To examine our previous historical studies of thought on the theories of conscience, then based on these studies, consider the significance of the concept of conscience in a modem ethical system and in an ethical speculation.Each concrete outcome is as follows.1a. As to the examination of the theories of conscience in the modem philosophy, Sato, a research sharer, presented a viewpoint to understand the integrated relation of Kant and Hegel on the theory of conscience in the German idealism. And Seiriki, a research supporter, made an inquiry about the relation of epistemology and moral sentiments of the moral-sense school in the English empiricism.1b. As to the examination of the theories of conscience in the present-day philosophy, Yuasa. a research sharer, conducted the study which tried to identify Nietzsche' s theory of conscience as the leading theory of Freud's psychoanalytic theory of conscience. And Yasukawa, a research supporter, conducted the study of conscience in Freud' s theory. And Hayashi, a research supporter, considered the significance and the function of conscience, arguing some concrete problems of Bioethics (such as the problems concerning the diagnostic technique of an unborn baby or the artificial abortion).2. As to the significance of the concept of conscience in an ethical system and an ethical speculation, all the researchers came to agree that we should neither take conscience as a mere subjective principle nor make little of the theories of conscience, but that on the contrary we need to take the phenomena of conscience positively as the logical premise which makes us start an ethical speculation.