STUDIES ON INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION IN TROPICAL ONION (SHALLOT) AND ITS RELATIVES

对228份来自亚洲国家的葱和辣葱材料进行了形态和开花性状的鉴定。同工酶分析表明，日本、韩国和台湾的材料均为葱类，泰国、马来西亚和孟加拉国的材料为葱类，印度尼西亚的材料为葱和葱的混合物。特别是在印尼西爪哇和南苏门答腊，葱和wakegi的遗传多样性不同。据推测，这一地区可能是瓦凯吉的发源地之一。RAPD分析也阐明了该地区作物的遗传多样性。叶绿体DNA分析表明，绝大多数的大葱材料是大葱与小葱的杂种，但也有少量的以小葱为母本、大葱为父本的材料，材料中花色苷成分主要为花青素，黄酮醇成分仅为槲皮素。不同品种的大葱和大葱中黄酮醇与花色苷的比例不同，其在紫外光下的颜色稳定性也不同。鳞茎形成对光照和温度的反应以及鳞茎优势度的深度也存在差异。这些生理性状与同工酶和DNA分析的分类高度相关。

Grouping of the 228 accessions of shallot or wakegi collected from Asian countries based on morphological and flowering traits was conducted. Almost of all the collected accessions were classified into shallot or wakegi.Discrimination of shallot from wakegi by isozyme analysis clarified that all the accessions from Japan, Korea and Taiwan were wakegi, those from Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh were shallot, and those from Indonesia were mixture of shallot and wakegi. Particularly, the genetic diversity in shallot and wakegi was distinct in West Java and South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is suggested that one of the places of origin of wakegi may be thought to be this area. RAPD analysis also clarified the genetic diversity of the crops in this area. Chloroplast DNA analysis clarified that most of wakegi accessions were the hybrid of Welsh onion * shallot, but that there are a few accessions derived from shallot as maternal and Welsh onion as paternal parents.Major anthocyanins in the accessions were cyanidin and only quercetin was found as flavonol. The ratio of the flavonol to anthocyanins was different in shallot and wakegi, and the stableness of color appearance under UV lights was different by accessions. There were also diversity in response to daylength and temperature for bulb formation and in depth of bulb domancy. These physiological traits were highly related to the classification by isozyme and DNA analyzes.