Closs talk between neuroendocrine and mucosal immune systems in the gastrointestinal mucosa and its disorder

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The aim of this study is to clarify the mechanism for interations between the neuroendocrine system and the mucosal immune system, and also to understand roles of abnormalities of the neuroendocrine-immune interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders in the gastrointestinal mucosa.1) Urocortin, a neuropeptide of CRF family showing some physiological CRF-mediated actions in vivo, was localized in macrophages is the lamina propria of the intestnial mucosa, and these macrophages were increased in the inflammatory disotders. This suggests that hormons in the PHA axis play a immunoregulatory roles in the gastrointestinal mucosa, together with cytokines.2) The majority of neurons of the mucosal and submucosal plexus contained VIP,and its mRNA was found in intraepithelial endocrine cells. VIP is known to regulate macrophage funcions as well as water secretion in the intestine. In inflammatory mucosal lesions, distribution of VIP neurons became irregular and decreased in the number. In addition, appearance of VIP receptor on marophages and dendritic cells in the intestiral mucosa deteriorated in the intestinal mucosa from the infants with food allergy combined with atpic dermatitis.3) Mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II were expressed in the same cells participating ion and /or water transport including colonic epithelial cells. Their expression disappeared in regenerating cells in the colonic mucosa with ulcerative colitis. This suggests that the disturbance of ion and water vlance in the ulcerative colitis is caused by the absence of their expression.4) Foveolar epithelial cells of H.pylori-infected gastric mucosa showed some DNA abnormalities incleding apoptosis induced by macrophage and neutropic infiltration. VIP-neurons became irregular and were decreased.