Mechanism of Periodontal Destruction in Gingival Microcirculation by Cigarette Smoking

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

Earlier studies on the effects of nicotine using a heat diffusion technique and a recent study on the effect of smoking using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) demonstrated a decrease in gingival blood flow (GBF). Another studies on crevicular fluid flow and sulcus GBF indicated increased GBF after smoking. So far, results from the studies on acute effect of smoking on GBF are inconclusive. In this study, we measured GBF following smoking using LDF with different optic-fiber separations of 0.3 mm (LDF-0.3) and 0.7 (LDF-0.7). Prior to the study, we confirmed that the LDF-0.3 and difference between LDF-0.7 and LDF-0.3 (LDF-d) represented GBFs in superficial fraction and deeper fraction, respectively. Nine male smokers consuming 15-30 daily volunteered and were asked not to smoke at least 6 h before the experiment. The probe was fixed upon marginal gingiva of the second premolar in maxilla with a resin stent. After resting for 5 min, subjects sham smoked an unlighted cigarette for 5 min, then smoked the cigarette, and finally rested for 40 min. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after smoking (p<0.05). Changes in LDF-0.3 and LDF-d after smoking were not statistically significant. However, 6 subjects showed a decrease in LDF-0.3 immediately after smoking while smoking in 6 subjects caused a relative increase in LDF-d over sham smoking. Both the changes in the LDF readings after smoking were found in 4 subjects. These results in indicate that GBF tends to decrease in superfcial layr and increase in deeper layr after smoking.