Analyzes on water flow by liquefaction and development of liquefaction sensor

目前的研究项目是在1995年日本南方大地震之后开始的。由于强烈的地面运动，神户港的大部分沿海地区被液化，包括港岛和Rokko岛的人造土地。地震前已经研制出了有效的液化传感器，可以进行更快速的应急响应。目前的项目是在地震的许多教训下完成的。主要研究成果如下：(1)有限元试验和理论分析可以估算液化产生的水量。(2)通过分析1995年Hyogoken南方地震期间在液化场地观测到的大量地震记录，采用地震仪作为液化传感器。(3)根据液化的可能性对微地形和地面条件进行分类。(4)有限元分析表明，当液化发生在地下深处时，地面运动的放大作用被放大。(5)有望发展用于测量地面侧向流动和液化引起的沉降的传感器。

Present research project started just after the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake. Most of coastal areas of Kobe harbor were liquefied including man-made lands of Port-Island and Rokko Island due to severe ground motions. Effective liquefaction sensors had been developed before the Earthquake, more quick emegency response could have been performed. The present project has been done under the many lessons by the Earthquake. Main research results are summarized as follows :(1) Experiments and theoretical analyzes by FEM could estimate the water volume due to liquefaction.(2) Seismometers turned out to be used for liquefaction sensors by analyzing a lot of seismograms observed at liquefied ground sites during the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake.(3) Micro topography and ground conditions are classified depending on the possibility of liquefaction.(4) FEM analyzes clarified that the amplification of ground motions was enlarged when the liquefaction occurred deep in the ground.(5) Development of sensors is expected for measuring lateral ground flow and subsidence by liquefaction.