Analyzes on water flow by liquefaction and development of liquefaction sensor

目前的研究项目是在1995年小谷县南部地震之后开始的。由于强烈的地面运动，包括港岛和六甲岛在内的神户港大部分沿海地区都被液化了。地震前已研制出有效的液化传感器，可以更迅速地作出应急反应。目前的项目是在地震的许多教训下完成的。主要研究结果如下：(1)利用有限元法进行实验和理论分析，可以估算出液化水量。(2)通过分析1995年小谷县南部地震期间液化地面观测到的大量地震记录，发现地震仪可用于液化传感器。(3)根据液化的可能性对微地形和地面条件进行分类。(4)有限元分析表明，深层液化时地震动放大。(5)预计将开发用于测量液化引起的横向地面流动和沉降的传感器。

Present research project started just after the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake. Most of coastal areas of Kobe harbor were liquefied including man-made lands of Port-Island and Rokko Island due to severe ground motions. Effective liquefaction sensors had been developed before the Earthquake, more quick emegency response could have been performed. The present project has been done under the many lessons by the Earthquake. Main research results are summarized as follows :(1) Experiments and theoretical analyzes by FEM could estimate the water volume due to liquefaction.(2) Seismometers turned out to be used for liquefaction sensors by analyzing a lot of seismograms observed at liquefied ground sites during the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake.(3) Micro topography and ground conditions are classified depending on the possibility of liquefaction.(4) FEM analyzes clarified that the amplification of ground motions was enlarged when the liquefaction occurred deep in the ground.(5) Development of sensors is expected for measuring lateral ground flow and subsidence by liquefaction.