Development of a new apparatus for friction test between clay and steel

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Sheet-plies are used as a countermeasure to decrease the lateral deformation in soft ground caused by the construction of embankment. Evaluating the friction properties between clay and steel is one of the omportant problems in geotechnical engineering.The authors have developed a new apparatus for friction test on clay-steel system and have investigated on the friction properties between normally or over consolidated clay and steel based on the test results of a series of friction tests.The main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows :1) It was confirmed from the friction test results that the behavior of friction between clay and steel is subject to principal stress direction and an angle of contact plane.2) Friction angle between clay and steel is influenced by the steel sueface roughness and it has an upper limit and a lower limit. The upper limit is identical to the internal friction angle of clay.3) Friction behavior between clay and steel depends on the strength property of the clay and the stress conditions.