Study of the Super-Strongest Materials Consisting of Al- or Mg- base Fine Structure Dispersed by Nanoscale Complete Crystalline Particles

为了获得一种比强度超过常规工业合金的新型轻质合金，开展了含纳米晶非晶材料的研究，采用高压气体雾化-离心旋压两级淬火工艺，得到由[（fcc-Al或hcp-Mg）+（Amorphous-Al或-Mg）]组成的双相非晶粉末。在573- 623 K短时快速加热后，在该温度下挤出粉末。挤压后的块体合金抗拉强度为超高强钢的2.5倍。这些高强度是由以下三个条件的相互作用而产生的：（1）纳米级fcc-Al或hcp-Mg颗粒具有完整的结晶状态，（2）非晶与fcc-Al或hcp-Mg颗粒之间的界面具有高度紧密堆积的界面结构，阻止了裂纹的扩展，（3）尺寸为3- 5 nm的纳米fcc-Al或hcp-Mg颗粒形成厚度为10- 20 nm的原子团簇，有效地抑制了非晶合金的不均匀变形。挤压态非晶合金适用于汽车零部件材料，机械结构、机械滑动件或弹簧。

In order to obtain a new type nonmagnetic light alloy with high specific strength which exceeds them of the usual commercial alloys, the research development of amorphous material containing nanocrystalline grains were performed.As a results, by means of two-stage quenching technique consisting of high-pressure gas atomization followed by centrifugal spinning, a double phase amorphous powders consisting of [(fcc-Al or hcp-Mg) + (Amorphous-Al or -Mg)] were obtained. After short time rapid heating at 573-623k, the powders were extruded at that temperatures. The extruded bulk alloy exhibits higer tensile strength of 2.5 times of extra-super duralmin. It is cleared that these high strength is appeared by the interactions of three conditions as follows ;(1) nanoscale fcc-Al or hcp-Mg particles have complete crystalline state,(2) the interface between amorphous and fcc-Al or hcp-Mg paticles have highly close-packed interface structure which prevents the crack growth,(3) nanoscale fcc-Al or hcp-Mg particles with the size of 3-5nm forms the atomic cluster with 10-20nm thick which suppress effectively an inhomogeneous deformation of amorphous alloys.The extruded amorphous alloys are suitable for the parts materials of vehicles, mechanical structures, mechanical slidings or springs.