"the habit of mind" about the political and social order in Russian legal thought from the end of the19-th century to the begining of 20-th century.

本研究的主题是分析19世纪末至20世纪初俄罗斯法律的思想中关于政治社会秩序的“心灵习惯”。重点研究了以下两个问题。首先，考察了俄国思想家对俄国专制政权和农业公社“米尔”的态度。世纪以来，许多俄国思想家认为，俄国政治秩序相对于西欧的优越性在于专制政体的存在，俄国社会秩序的优越性在于“米尔”的存在。因此，俄国人关于俄国专制和“米尔”的讨论，向我们展示了俄国人关于政治和社会秩序的“思维习惯”的鲜明特征。其次，我们集中讨论了“社会政治”问题。世纪末，由于阶级冲突的加剧，西欧社会对“社会政治”的需求增加。这种倾向是对法律的思想的反思，是“公法”取代“私法”，这与俄国的做法是相违背的。

The subject of this research is to analyze "the habit of mind" about the political and social order in Russian legal thought from the end of the 19-th century to the begining of 20-th century. Especially, we focused on the following two problems. ;First, we researched the attitude of Russian thinkers tothe Russian autocracy and the agricultual commune"Mir". From the 19-th century, many of Russian thinkers have argued, that the superiority of Russian political order to that of Wwstern Europe is existence of the autocracy, and the superiority of Russiann social order is due to existence of"Mir". The discussions of Russianns about Russian autocracy and"Mir", therefore, presents us the distinctive features of the Russiann "habit of mind" about the political and social order.Secondly, we focused on the problem of"social politics". At the end of the 19-th century, because of the growth of the class conflict, the needs of"social politics" had increased in the Western Europe. This tendency was a refrection of on the legal thought, and "public law" tookover "private law", contraty to Russia.