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A Study on Social Polarization of Metropolis in the Post-Bubble Economy Era

后泡沫经济时代大都市社会两极分化研究

基本信息

批准号：
07610168
负责人：
MACHIMURA Takashi
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Growing social polarization has been pointed out by the world city hypothesis, mainly formalized by S.Sassen and J.Friedmann. The aim of this study is to investigate an applicability of this hypothesis to recent Tokyo, by using of macro data such as population census and household survey. Major findings are as follows :i)The targeted period is divided into three stages : stable growth (1975-85). bubble economy (1985-91), and post-bubble economy (1991-).ii)Basic occupational changes, which have been found during the whole period, include an increase in both professional and semi-skilled workers, and a decrease in skilled manual workers. These changes are caused mainly not by professionalization but by industrial transformation such as de-industrialization. White-collar jobs in financial industries once increased in the bubble economy, but soon decreased in the post-bubble era.iii)In the bubble economy, an inequality in income distribution increased both between Tokyo and other regions, and inside of Tokyo. Yet after the burst of economic bubble, the distribution became more equalized. Such a change was mainly caused by land speculation during a period of world city formation.In conclusion, a simple "polarization hypothesis" can not be applicable to recent Tokyo. As Tokyo has been more firmly linked to global economy, the city experienced not a onesided formation of "world city" but greater fluctuations in both urban functions and stratification. Bubble effect and post-bubble effect, as well as de-industrialization effect and global economy effect, should be distinguished in class formation of global city.

世界城市假说指出了日益严重的社会两极分化，该假说主要由S.萨森和J.弗里德曼提出。本研究的目的是利用人口普查和家庭调查等宏观数据，探讨这一假设在近代东京的适用性。主要研究结果如下：（一）目标时期分为三个阶段：稳定增长（1975-85）。泡沫经济（1985-91年）和泡沫经济后（1991-）。ii）在整个期间，职业的基本变化包括专业和半技术工人的增加，技术体力劳动者的减少。这些变化主要不是由职业化引起的，而是由去工业化等产业转型引起的。（3）在泡沫经济时期，东京与其他地区之间以及东京内部的收入分配不均加剧。但泡沫经济破灭后，分配更加平均化。这种变化主要是由世界城市形成时期的土地投机引起的。因此，简单的“两极分化假说”不能适用于现代东京。随着东京与全球经济的联系越来越紧密，东京并没有片面地形成“世界城市”，而是在城市功能和城市分层方面出现了较大的波动。在全球城市的阶级形成中，应区分泡沫效应与后泡沫效应、去工业化效应与经济全球化效应。