Ideals and Realities of Sustainable Regional Development in the Post-development era : Beyond a Story of Developmentalism

在这个后发展时代，我们如何创造一个可持续发展的地方社会的理想？这个项目通过比较日本两个不同的地区来考察战后发展主义的产生和发展过程，它的各种影响，以及它在国家和地方上的后果；一个是经历了旧的巨型项目(静冈县佐母镇)的小地方社区，以太是一个在全球化的影响下正在经历巨大的再开发项目的超大城市。在资助期间，我们在佐久马进行了密集的田野调查(12次)和一次问卷调查(700份样本)。在东京，我们完成了基于人口普查的统计数据的系统分析，对城市公共空间(70个地点和地点)的实地研究，对西郊高速公路建设决策过程的深入研究，并对城市社会运动进行了重点采访。主要研究结果如下：1当代发展思想的着力点呈现出几个重大变化，即“从外围发展到中心发展”、“从欠发达地区发展到发达地区再发展”、“从集体发展到个人发展”。在全球化和新自由主义的推动下，一种新版本的发展主义正在大城市和小地方社区中消散。2在重新定义“公共空间”和改变城市大众的价值体系和生活方式的支持下，试图抗议只有增长意识形态和追求大型项目的新型城市活动正在形成。一般而言，这些活动旨在建立一个基于可持续性、容忍性、规模适当性和主动性的社会。这种活动所采取的社会形式不仅是社会运动，而且还有由更多样化的城市行为者支持的各种网络，如非政府组织/非政府组织、私营公司和其他非正式团体。

How can we create an ideal of sustainable local society in this post-development era? This project investigates the emergence and processes of postwar developmentalism, its diversified influences, and its national and local consequences, by comparing two contrasting areas in Japan ; one is a small local community which experienced old Megaproject (Sakuma Town, Shizuoka Prefecture), the ether is a Megacity which is now experiencing huge redevelopment projects under the impacts of globalization. During the period of funding, we conducted intensive field research (twelve times) and one questionnaire survey (700 samples) in Sakuma.. In Tokyo, we finished systematic analysis of Census-based statistics, field research on urban public spaces (70 sites and locations), intensive research on decision making process of highway construction in western suburbs, and focused interviews on urban social Movements. Major findings are as follows ;1 Contemporary ideology on development is currently showing several major changes in its focus ; that is "from development of peripheries to development of centers," "from development of the undeveloped to redevelopment of the developed," and "from collective development to individual development." A new version of developmentalism, which is boosted by globalization and neoliberalism, is dispersing both in big cities and in small local communities.2 New kinds of urban activities, which attempt to protest against only growth ideology and a quest for megaproject, are taking shape, with the support of the redefinition of "public space" and changing value system and life style among urban mass. Generally speaking, these activities aim for a society based on sustainability, tolerance, adequacy in size, and activeness. The social forms that such activities are taking are not only social movement, but also various networkings supported by more diversified urban actors, such as NGO/NPO, private companies and other informal groups.