A Comparative Sociological Study on Urban Agriculture and City Farming

通过对日本城市化程度最高的三个地区（东京、名古屋和大坂）的比较研究，发现名古屋和大坂都有保存下来的农田，而东京则没有保存下来的农田。因此，都市农业在东京都被从中央政府的农业政策中分离出来。然而，在名古屋和大坂，中央政府的农业政策中涉及到都市农业。这种差异反映了东京都与其他两个都市区都市农业特征的差异。总的来说，东京都市农业比其他两个地区更独立于中央政府。东京都市农业得到了市政府的有效协助，许多农民比其他两个地区更积极地进行营销。（2）东京都市圈（23区）的都市农业与冲绳那霸市的都市农业的情况非常相似，因为这两个城市的所有农田都已纳入都市化导向区。然而，与东京不同，那霸尚未出台“保护绿色农田法”。因此，那霸市的城市化地区的城市农田正在迅速、广泛地消失。我发现许多农民搬到那霸以外的地方继续农业。(3)In从冈山和福冈等地方城市的情况来看，城市农场的发展有助于为农村农民创造新的就业机会，如农场维护和向非熟练的城市农民传授农业技术。(4)1发现农业和城市之间的联系建立了当今城市地区社会发展的新的潜在模式。

I could find many important facts on the current situation of Urban agriculture and city farming mainly in Japanese city areas as Follows ;(1)By the comparative study among the three most urbanized areas in Japan, i.e. Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, I found there are preserved farm land in Nagoya and Osaka, but there are preserved farm land not at all in Tokyo. So, urban agriculture is separated from national government's agricultural policies in Tokyo. However, urban agriculture is involved in agricultural policies of central government in Nagoya and Osaka. This difference reflects difference of the characteristics of urban agriculture between Tokyo and other two urban areas. Generally speaking, urban agriculture of, Tokyo is more independent from the central government than other two areas. Urban agriculture of Tokyo is assisted by municipal offices effectively and many farmers are more active to do marketing than other two areas.(2)The situation of urban agriculture of Tokyo metropolitan area (23 wards) is rather similar to Naha city of Okinawa, because all the farm land has already included in urbanized oriented zone in both of these cities. However, "Preservation Green Farmland Law" has not yet introduced in Naha differently from Tokyo. So, urban farmland is eliminated widely and rapidly from urbanized zone in Naha city. I found many farmers removed to outside of Naha to continue agriculture.(3)In the cases of local cities such as Okayama and Hukuoka, I could find development of city farms contribute to create new jobs for rural farmers such like farm maintenance and instruction of farming technique to non skilled city farmers.(4)1 found that connections between agriculture and the city establish new potential patterns of social development in urban areas today.