A Comparative Sociological Study on Climate Policy

虽然科学界对全球变暖问题已经形成了广泛的共识，但《京都议定书》所推动的国际气候政策在近十年来进展缓慢。由于《京都议定书》在2005年刚刚生效，国际谈判也经历了许多波折，而本研究又不得不在2006年初完成，其成果也不可避免地受到了限制。然而，从这项研究中可以得出以下结论。首先，研究发现，必须将“辅助性原则“作为气候政策的核心概念明确引入当前的国际谈判。第二，气候政策过程本身迅速扩大了南北之间的“气候鸿沟“。“气候鸿沟“是指与气候有关的冲击和对这些冲击的脆弱性的差异。在南方发展中国家，与气候有关的冲击过于严重，无法与北方发达国家相比。此外，发展中国家被排除在“总量管制与交易“和“清洁发展机制”等气候政策设计之外，易受气候冲击的国家的人民和政府缺乏倡导国际气候政策的能力。在本研究中，它们被称为“生态沙鸥”。“后京都议定书“后气候政策的未来取决于对生态弱势群体的实质性承诺和包容，本研究的意义在于从实证和理论上证明了比较社会学方法在气候政策过程中的有效性。

While a broad scientific consensus has emerged on global warming, international climate policy promoted by the Kyoto Protocol has been made very slow progress for the decade. The fact that the Kyoto Protocol itself has come into effect barely in 2005 give an account of many twists and turns in the international negotiation on it. Since this study had to be finished at the beginning of 2006, its result was inevitably restricted. However, following conclusions may be drawn from this study. :Firstly, it was found that“the principle of subsidiarity"must be introduced to the current international negotiations as the key concept of climate policy explicitly. The principle will be a determinant accelerator of bottom up climate policy formation in this global world.Secondly, it was discovered that the climate policy process itself expanded“climate divide"between the North and the South rapidly. “Climate divide"means the disparity of climate related shocks and vulnerability to them. In developing countries of the South, climate-related shocks are too serious to compare with developed countries of the North. Moreover, developing countries excluded from climate policy design as such“Cap and Trade"and“Clean Development Mechanism".Consequently, peoples and governments of those countries vulnerable to climate-related shocks lack for ability of advocacy of international climate policy. They are termed“Ecological Sabaltern"in this study. The future of climate policy after“Post Kyoto Protocol"depends on the substantial commitment and inclusion of ecological subaltern as ecological vulnerable class of the world.This study is significant in that it empirically and theoretically demonstrates effectiveness of comparative sociological approach to the climate policy process.